States of Matter Flashcards
What is matter?
anything that is made up of volume and gas.
What are the 4 main ideas behind the particulatory theory?
- All matter is composed of particles
- The particles are in condtant motion and temperature affects their speed of motion.
- Particles have empty spaces between them
- Particles have forces of attraction betweent them.
What are the evidence used to support the particulatory theory?
Osmosis and diffusion
What is osmosis and diffusion?
Diffusion is the net movement of particles coming from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until all the particles are evenly distributed.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a differntially permeable membrane from a solution containing alot of water moelcules to a solution of fewer water molecules.
What are some uses of osmosis?
- To control garden pests
Snails are garden pests whos skin is differentially permeable and is always moist. When salt is poured the moisture dissolves into the moisture and water moves out of the snails body. The snail will eventually die of dehudration. - To preserve food, fish and fruits.
Osmosis is used to draw water out of the cells so it doenst decay. This is because when there is no water chemical reactions cant happen that cause the decay.
It draws out water of microorganisms (fungi and bacteria). When this happens it inhibits the growth of the microorganism causing the decay.
What do substances that sublimate do and whats the opposite?
They change directly from a solid to a gas.
The opposite is depositon. Changes directly from a gas to a solid.
What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
Evaporation takes place at any temperation and is only at the surface of the liquid while boiling takes place at a specific temperature and happens throughout the liquid.
What are examples of substances that sublimate?
Carbon dioxide (dry ice), iodine and naphthalene (moth balls)
