States of matter Flashcards
What are the three states of matter?
Liquid, gas, and solid
What are the properties of a solid?
- The particles are packed together closely.
- Vibrate slowly
- Have strong force of attraction holding them together.
- Regular arrangement(lattice)
- Cannot be compressed/ Fixed volume
- Cannot diffuse
- Low kinetic energy and have no space between the particles.
What are the properties of a liquid?
- Still touching
- The atoms/particles can flow through each other.
- Have weak force of attraction.
- Irregular arrangement
- no fixed shape/ take the shape of the container
- Cannot be compressed/ fixed volume
- Diffuse slowly
Properties of a gas?
- No/weak attraction holding them together.
- No fixed shape
- No fixed volume
- Can be compressed as there are lots of space between the particles.
- Irregular arrangement
- Diffuse rapidly
Process to change states of matter
Evaporation= Liquid to gas
Condensation= gas to liquid.
Melting= Solid to liquid
Sublimation= solid to gas/ gas to solid
What is the melting point?
The melting point is the temperature in which a solid turns to a liquid.
What is the melting point of water?
Melting point of water is 0 degree celcius.
What is the boiling point?
The boiling point is the temperature in which a liquid turns to gas.
What is the boiling point of water?
100 degree celcius
What is the freezing point?
When water is below 0 degree water freeze but when it is above 0 degree it melts.
What is the independent variable?
The thing that you change in the investigation.
What is the dependent variable?
The thing you measure in the investigation.
What is the controlled variable?
The things kept the same in order to have a fair test.
Why does the state of the matter change when we heat the susbstance?
Giving heat will change the matter from solid to liquid or liquid to gas as giving heat means we are giving energy specifically kinetic energy to the atoms in the matter.
Describe what happens to the particles when a liquid boils to gas?
This is known as evaporation as when a liquid boils it gains more heat energy which means the particles will have more kinetic energy. Therefore, the particles will vibrate faster and move around quickly, which cause it to bounce around and escape to the air (gas).
What is an atom?
An atom is one particle of an element. It is the smallest unit of element.
What is an element?
Element is one type of atom but there is more than one atom/particle in it.
What is a compound?
Compound is two or more different atoms bonded together (chemically combined).
What is a mixture?
A mixture is 2 or more types of atoms not bonded together ( physically combined).
describe the 3 sub- atomic particles?
Neutron has no charge but has mass of one.
Proton has +1 charge and mass of one.
Electrons has -1 charge and has no mass (1/2000)
What is the mass number?
The mass number is the big number and it is the sum of proton and neutron.
As these are the only two sub-atomic particles will mass of 1.
What is the atomic number?
The atomic number is the small number and it tells the number of protons in the element.
Number of protons = number of electrons as the atoms need to be neutral.
What is the electron arrangement?
Energy level 1= 2 electrons
Energy level 2= 8 electrons
Energy level 3 = 8 electrons
Energy level 4 = 18 electrons
How are electrons drawn?
Electrons are drawn in pairs.
What does the group number tells?
The group number tells the number of electrons in the outer shell.
What does the period tell?
The 7 periods tell the number of energy levels.
