States of matter Flashcards
What are the three states of matter?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
what is the spacing, movement, forces, type of shape and volume of a solid?
- Spacing: Tightly packed particles with little space between them.
- Movement: Particles vibrate and don’t move around.
- Forces: Strong forces of attraction between particles.
- Shape: Fixed shape.
- Volume: Fixed volume.
What is the spacing, movement, forces, type of shape and volume of a liquid?
- Spacing: Particles are slightly apart.
- Movement: Particles can move around each other.
- Forces: Weaker forces of attraction between particles.
- Shape: No fixed shape.
- Volume: Fixed volume.
What is the spacing, movment, forces, type of shape and volume of a gas?
- Spacing: Spread out with space between them.
- Movment: Particles move freely.
- Forces: Weakest force of attraction between particles.
- Shape: No fixed shape.
- Volume: No fixed volume.
What are all things made up from?
Particles.
What is the kinetic theory?
The idea that all particles are in a constant motion.
What is another word that means compressed?
Squashed.
What state of matter can be easily compressed and why?
Gases can be easily compressed because there are spaces between the particles.
What are the five chnges of state?
- Melting: solid - liquid
- Freezing: liquid - solid
- Evporation (boiling): liquid - gas
- Condensaation: gas - liquid
- Sublimation : solid - gas or vice versa
What is the melting point?
The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.
What is the boiling point?
The temerture at which a liquid rapidly turns into a gas.
Explain melting in terms of particle theory.
Through heating, energy is supplied to particles causing them to vibrate faster. The speed the particles vibrate gets faster as the temperature rises. Eventually, they vibrate fast enough to break free from each other and become a liquid.
Explain evaporation in terms of particle theory
In a liquid, particles move at different speeds, some slowly and some very quickly. This means even at low temperatures some particles on the surface can have enough energy to escape and become a gas.
Explain condensation in terms of particle theory
Through cooling energy is removed from the particles causing them to move more slowly. The speed of the particles gets slower as the temperature decreases. Eventually, they lose their freedom of movement becoming a liquid.
Explain freezing in terms of particle theory
Through cooling energy is removed from the particles causing them to move more slowly. The speed of the particles gets slower as the temperature decreases. Eventually, the particles will not be able to move becoming a solid.
