States of matter Flashcards
What are the three states of matter?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
what is the spacing, movement, forces, type of shape and volume of a solid?
- Spacing: Tightly packed particles with little space between them.
- Movement: Particles vibrate and don’t move around.
- Forces: Strong forces of attraction between particles.
- Shape: Fixed shape.
- Volume: Fixed volume.
What is the spacing, movement, forces, type of shape and volume of a liquid?
- Spacing: Particles are slightly apart.
- Movement: Particles can move around each other.
- Forces: Weaker forces of attraction between particles.
- Shape: No fixed shape.
- Volume: Fixed volume.
What is the spacing, movment, forces, type of shape and volume of a gas?
- Spacing: Spread out with space between them.
- Movment: Particles move freely.
- Forces: Weakest force of attraction between particles.
- Shape: No fixed shape.
- Volume: No fixed volume.
What are all things made up from?
Particles.
What is the kinetic theory?
The idea that all particles are in a constant motion.
What is another word that means compressed?
Squashed.
What state of matter can be easily compressed and why?
Gases can be easily compressed because there are spaces between the particles.
What are the five chnges of state?
- Melting: solid - liquid
- Freezing: liquid - solid
- Evporation (boiling): liquid - gas
- Condensaation: gas - liquid
- Sublimation : solid - gas or vice versa
What is the melting point?
The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.
What is the boiling point?
The temerture at which a liquid rapidly turns into a gas.
Explain melting in terms of particle theory.
Through heating, energy is supplied to particles causing them to vibrate faster. The speed the particles vibrate gets faster as the temperature rises. Eventually, they vibrate fast enough to break free from each other and become a liquid.
Explain evaporation in terms of particle theory
In a liquid, particles move at different speeds, some slowly and some very quickly. This means even at low temperatures some particles on the surface can have enough energy to escape and become a gas.
Explain condensation in terms of particle theory
Through cooling energy is removed from the particles causing them to move more slowly. The speed of the particles gets slower as the temperature decreases. Eventually, they lose their freedom of movement becoming a liquid.
Explain freezing in terms of particle theory
Through cooling energy is removed from the particles causing them to move more slowly. The speed of the particles gets slower as the temperature decreases. Eventually, the particles will not be able to move becoming a solid.
What is diffusion?
The moving and mixing of particles.
Describe diffusion in terms of particles
Diffusion occurs when the particles of one substance mix with the particles of another substance. This happens in liquids and gases as the particles are moving.
What is the difference in the speed of diffusion between a liquid and a gas and why?
Liquids diffuse slower than gases. This is because the particles in a liquid are closer together so it is harder for particles to move together.
Why is it hard to compress liquids or solids?
This is because the particles are close together and have little space between them to compress.
What happens when a substance expands?
It gets bigger and takes up more space
What happens when a substance contracts
It gets smaller and takes up less space
What happens matter when it is heated?
It expands
What happens to matter when it cools
It contracts
List states in order of what expands/contracts the most. Start with the one that expands/contracts the most
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Name substances that contract and expand in everyday life
Telephone wires
Bridges
Run hot water on a jam jar lid
Why do solids expand when heated?
They expand as the heat gives the particles more energy and therefore they vibrate more bumping into each other taking up more space.
Density Equation
Density = Mass/Volume
What is density?
Mass in a given volume
Are gases less or more dense than solids and liquids?
Less
What is 1ml in cm³?
1cm³
What is 1 litre in cm³?
1000cm³
Why does white cloud form closer to the Hydrochloric acid in glass tube experiment?
The white cloud forms where ammonia and hydrogen chloride meet.
The ammonia gas travels faster than the hydrogen chloride so the cloud forms close to the hydrochloric acid.
