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Chemistry 202 (Year 9) > Acids and Alkalis > Flashcards

Acids and Alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is this hazard symbol for?

Two test tubes dripping onto something

A

Corrisive
Can dissolve other sustances on contact
Causes burns on skin

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2
Q

What is this hazard symbol for?

Exclamation mark

A

Harmful Irritant
May cause skin or eye irritation

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3
Q

What is this hazard symbol for?

Skull and crossbones

A

Toxic
Can cause death if inhaled or ingested

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4
Q

Why do we have hazard symbols?

A

To give a warning about any dangers of chemicals

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5
Q

Why are hazard symbols used instead or words?

A

Univerisally recognisable
Eye catching
Easy to understand

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6
Q

What is the PH of a neutral substance

A

PH 7

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7
Q

What is an acid

A

A substance with a PH less than 7

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8
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that is soluble in water. It has a PH more than 7.

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9
Q

Give some examples of acids found at home

A

Orange juice
Lemon juice
Vinegar
Coffee

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10
Q

Give some examples of alkalis found at home

A

Toothpaste
Bleach
Oven cleaner
Soap

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11
Q

Give some examples of acids found in the laboratory

A

Hydrochloric acid
Sulphuric acid
Nitric acid

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12
Q

Give some examples of alkalis found in the laboratory

A

Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Ammonia

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13
Q

What is the difference between alkalis and bases?

A

A base is something that reacts with an acid to form water and a salt.
An alkali is any base that is soluble in water.

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14
Q

What is an indicator used for?

A

To identify an unknown solution as an acid or alkali.

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15
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A dye that changes colour in the presence of an acid or alkali

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16
Q

Names some indicators?

A

Litmus solution
Universal indicator
Red cabbage/beetroot indicator

17
Q

What colour does an universal indicator change to for acids

A

Red

18
Q

What colour does an universal indicator change to for alkalis

A

Blue

19
Q

What colour does an universal indicator change to for a neutral solution

A

Green

20
Q

What happens if you mix an alkaline solution with an equal amount of an acidic solution?

A

They react to produce a neutral solution

21
Q

What is the reaction called when an acid and alkali produce a neutral solution?

A

Neutralisation

22
Q

What happens to the PH when an alkali is added to an acid.

A

The PH is raised.

23
Q

What is produced in neutralisation reactions?

A

Salt and water.

24
Q

What do all acids contain?

A

Hydrogen

25
Q

What is Hydrochloric acid?

A

Hydrogen chloride

26
Q

What is Sulfuric acid?

A

Hydrogen sulfate

27
Q

What is Nitric acid?

A

Hydrogen nitrate

28
Q

Describe a neutralisation equation

A

Reactants on the left, products on the right.

29
Q

What is a base?

A

Any subtance which neutralises an acid. It has a pH of over 7.

30
Q

Are all bases soluble in water?

A

No a lot are insoluble in water

31
Q

What is a base that is soluble in water known as?

A

Alkali

32
Q

What do chemical names for alkalis tend to end in?

A

Hydroxide

33
Q

What is the chemical name for water?

A

Hydrogen hydroxide

34
Q

What is the general equation for neutralisation?

A

Acid + Alkali (or base) —> Salt + water

35
Q

What is the shape of a neutralisation curve?

A

Goes gently along bottom/top then steeply rises/falls then gently along the top/bottom

36
Q

Go over neutralisation reaction predictions.

A

Chemistry 202 (Year 9) (4 decks)

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