States of Matter

Question 1

State Charle’s Law

Answer 1

When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the kelvin temperature and the volume will be directly related

Question 2

State Gay-Lussac Law

Answer 2

If the volume of a container is held constant as the temperature of a gas increases, the pressure inside will also increase

Question 3

Equation for Gay-Lussac Law

Answer 3

initial pressure÷initial temp = final pressure÷final temp

Question 4

State Boyle’s Law

Answer 4

For a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional

Question 5

Equation for Boyle’s Law

Answer 5

P1V1 = P2V2

Question 6

What are the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory as applied to an ideal gas? (3)

Answer 6

1) There are no intermolecular forces between the gas molecules
2) The volume occupied by the molecules themselves is entirely negligible relative to the volume of the container
3) All collisions, both between the molecules and between the molecules and the walls of the container, are perfectly elastic

Question 7

Ideal gas equation

Answer 7

pV=nRT

Question 8

What type of gases deviate most from ideal gases?

Answer 8

Gases that have strong imf deviate most from ideal gas behaviour

Question 9

What are the conditions under which real gases behave most ideally?

Answer 9

1) At high temp, the K.E of particles are high and they move further apart and the influence of IMF is decreased
2) At low pressure, the particles are further apart and there are lower IMF

Question 10

How are particles arranged in a liquid?

Answer 10

In the liquid state, particles are close together; they can rotate, vibrate and translate in contact with other particles of the liquid

Question 11

Describe crystalline structure

Answer 11

Any regular arrangement of particles in a solid. Particles may be atoms, ions or molecules

Question 12

Describe the term lattice

Answer 12

Used to refer to the three dimensional geometrical arrangement of the atoms, ions or molecules of a crystalline solid

Question 13

Giant ionic lattice

Answer 13

Consists of an endless, alternate arrangement of cations and anions held together by strong electrostatic forces

Question 14

What is coordination number?

Answer 14

The number of ions that immediately surround an ion of the opposite charge

Question 15

Properties of ionic compounds

Answer 15

1) High melting and boiling point
2) Soluble in water
3) Conduct electricity in molten and aqueous state

Question 16

Properties of iodine (simple molecular)

Answer 16

1) Sublimes at low temperatures
2) Does not conduct electricity
3) Slightly soluble in water
4) Very soluble in non-polar solvents

Question 17

Allotropes of Carbon

Answer 17

1) Diamond
2) Graphite
3) Buckminster fullerene
4) Nanotube

Question 18

Describe structure of buckminster fullerene

Answer 18

Formula: C60
It has a cage like fused ring structure made of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons and resembles a soccer ball. Each of its 60 atoms is bonded to its three neighbours (also true for nanotubes)

Question 19

Properties of buckminster fullerene and nanotube

Answer 19

1) They have relatively low melting and boiling points
2) Soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water
3) They are slippery
4) Poor conductor of electricity (free electron is not delocalised is trapped in molecule)

Question 20

Properties of diamond and silicon oxide (giant molecular)

Answer 20

1) High melting and boiling points
2) Do not conduct electricity

Question 21

Properties of graphite (giant molecular)

Answer 21

1) Conducts electricity
2) High melting and boiling point
3) Slippery

Question 22

Describe the structure of ice

Answer 22

In ice, water molecules are arranged in a regular simple molecular lattice structure with H bonds holding the water molecules in a very regular way. Water molecules in ice are further apart from each other making ice less dense

Question 23

Properties of metals

Answer 23

1) High melting and boiling point
2) Conducts electricity
3) Malleable and ductile

Question 24

Covert ºC to K

Answer 24

+273

Question 25

cm3 to m3

Answer 25

X 10^-6

Question 26

Value of R in ideal gas equation

Answer 26

8.31