States of matter

Question 1

What is the equation linking density, mass and volume

Answer 1

ρ = m / v

ρ - density, measured in kg/m^3
m - mass, measured in kg
v - volume, measured in cm^3

Question 2

Required practical : Density of a liquid

What is the method

Answer 2

Use an electronic scale to measure the mass of the measuring cylinder
Pour 20 ml of water into the cylinder and put it back on the scale
Find the difference between this mass and the initial mass to find its mass
Divide the mass by the volume to find the density

Question 3

Required practical : Density of a regular solid

What is the method

Answer 3

Multiply the height, width and length to find the volume
Place the object on an electronic scale to find the mass
Divide the mass by the volume to calculate the density

Question 4

Required practical : Density of an irregular solid

What is the method

Answer 4

Use an electronic scale to find the mass of the object
Fill a measuring cylinder with some water and record its volume
Put the object in the measuring cylinder and record its volume
Find the difference between this volume and the initial volume to find the volume
Divide the mass by the volume to find the density

Question 5

What are the properties of the particles in solids, liquids and gases

Answer 5

Solids:
Regular arrangement
Fixed position
Have a strong bond

Liquids:
Randomly arranged
Move around each other
Bonds are quite strong

Gases:
Randomly arranged
Move constantly and randomly
Bonds are very weak

Question 6

What happens when a material is heated

Answer 6

Chemical bonds between the particles may form, break or stretch. There is a change in the chemical potential store of energy in the material
The material will heat up or cool down as the particles within it gain or lose speed. There is a change in the thermal store of energy within the material

Question 7

What is the difference between internal energy and temperature of matter

Answer 7

Internal - the total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object
Temperature of matter - a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance

Question 8

What is the equation linking pressure, force and area

Answer 8

p = F / a

p - pressure, measured in N/m^2
F - force, measured in N
a - area, measured in m^2

Pressure is directly proportional to temperature

Question 9

How can pressure be increased

Answer 9

Increasing the temperature - this increases the force of each collision
Decreasing the volume - this increases the number of collisions per second