States of matter

Question 1

What are the 3 states of matter?

Answer 1

solid, liquid and gas

Question 2

state the properties of a solid

Answer 2

fixed vol and shape
high density
atoms vibrate in position but can’t change location
atoms packed very closely together and in a fixed position

Question 3

state properties of a liquid

Answer 3

fixed vol but can adapt shape of a container
less dense than solids but much denser than gases
density is medium
particles move and slide past eachother= this is how they adopt the shape of a container

Question 4

state properties of a gas

Answer 4

no fixed vol and adapt shape of a container
low density
can be compressed into a much smaller volume due to the spaces in between particles
particles are futher apart and move quickly causing collusions
they collide with eachother

Question 5

How strong the forces are between particles depend on what?

Answer 5

the material
the temp
the pressure

Question 6

What is melting?

Answer 6

solid changing into a liquid
requires heat energy in which transforms into KINESTIC energy so that particles are allowed to move
happens in a specific temp- melting point

Question 7

what is boiling?

Answer 7

liquid to gas
requires heat which causes bubbles of gas found below the surface of the liquid
occurs at a specific temp- boiling point

Question 8

what is freezing?

Answer 8

liquid to solid
reverse of melting and happens at the same temp as melting because THE MELTING AND FREEZING POINT OF A PURE SUBSTANCE IS THE SAME
required loss of thermal energy
happens in a specific temp

Question 9

What is evapouration?

Answer 9

liquid to gas
happens in a range of temperatures

Question 10

when does eveporation only occur?

Answer 10

in the surface of a liquid where high energy particles can escape

Question 11

the larger the what in evaporation the quicklier?

Answer 11

the larger the surface area and the warmer the surface of the liquid surface

Question 12

What is condensation?

Answer 12

gas into a liquid
takes place in range of temperature

Question 13

explain condensation with the theory of particles

Answer 13

as gas is cooled, particles begin to loose more energy= when they collide with eachother they lack energy to bounce again, instead they come together and form a liquid

Question 14

what is the kinetic theory of matter?

Answer 14

when substances are heated, particles absorb the thermal energy which is then converted into kinetic energy

Question 15

what does a heating curve demonstrate?

Answer 15

demonstrates states and state changes aswell as time progresses

Question 16

What are the effects of temperature and pressure
on the volume of a gas

Answer 16

as temperature increases, gas volume increases
density increases as volume increases

Question 17

Give two examples to demonstrate the effects of temperature and pressure on the volume of a gas

Answer 17

A hot air ballon: as air inside the ballon is heated, it expands and ballon gets bigger and as density decreases, the more up it’ll go
gas syringe covered with a finger you compress it and there will be a point where yo can’t anymore bcs there’s air

Question 18

Explain, in terms of kinetic particle theory, the
effects of temperature and pressure on the
volume of a gas

Answer 18

increase of temperature means an increase of kinetic energy of each particle, and as the heat is transformed into kinetic energy, they move faster
decrease in volume=increase of pressure

Question 19

gaseous particles are..

Answer 19

constant and in random motion

Question 20

How is the pressure that gas created inside a closed container created

Answer 20

by gaseous particles hitting the inside walls of the container

Question 21

What happens when there is a decrease in volume in a gas container

Answer 21

it increases the pressure

Question 22

Describe and explain diffusion in terms of kinetic
particle theory

Answer 22

Diffusing particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, eventually leading to an equilibrium since concentration of particles spread evenly out to occupy available space

Question 23

Does diffusion use kinetic energy/ any type of energy? Is there any input energy required too? Explain

Answer 23

Happens on it’s own and no energy input is required ALTHOUGH diffusion takes place in a higher rate in higher temperatures

Question 24

Describe and explain the effect of relative
molecular mass on the rate of diffusion of gases

Answer 24

the lighter the relative mass= the faster the rate of diffusion will happen

Question 25

Give an example of an experiment where diffusion is seen

Answer 25

Potassium Magnate (VII) and water
beaker of water and place potassium magnate (VII) at the bottom, you will remark that purple will start to spread out among particles of water.
RANDOM MOTION of particles causes the evenly spread of particles to happen.

Question 26

Does diffusion occur faster in gases or liquids? Why

Answer 26

Gases because the particles move much quicker than liquid particles

Question 27

Why do gases not diffuse at the same rate in the same temperature? Give an example

Answer 27

This is due to the difference in their relative atomic masses
Lighter gas particles move faster and hence further just because they have lower relative mass so they will diffuse faster

Ammonia gas in Hydrogen chloride gas inside a long glass tube
NH3 and HCL
Where the two gases meet the white ring will form, it will actually form nearest to the end with HCL because the Mr of ammonia is 17 and HCL is 36.5 meaning that NH3 is much lighter so diffusion rate is faster.

Question 28

What happens when you add more water to a solution with Potassium magnate (VII) which has already diffused in the beaker evenly?

Answer 28

Particles of Potassium magnate will spread even further apart and solution will become less purple. =Dilute