States of Matter

Question 1

Melting

Answer 1

1. solid changes into a liquid
2. requires heat energy which transforms into kinetic energy, allowing the particles to move
3. occurs at melting point which is unique to each pure solid

Question 2

Boiling

Answer 2

1. liquid changes into a gas
2. requires heat causing bubbles of gas to form below the surface of a liquid, allowing for liquid particles to escape from the surface and from within the liquid
3. occurs at boiling point which is unique to each pure liquid

Question 3

Freezing

Answer 3

1. liquid changes into a solid
2. occurs at exactly the same temperature as melting, hence the melting point and freezing point of a pure substance are the same
3. requires a significant decrease in temperature and occurs at a specific temperature which is unique for each pure substance

Question 4

evaporation

Answer 4

1. liquid changes into a gas
2. occurs only at the surface of liquids where high energy particles can escape from the liquids surface at low temperatures, below the boiling point of the liquid
3. The larger the surface area and the warmer the liquid/surface, the more quickly a liquid can evaporate
4. occurs over a range of temperatures, but heating will speed up the process as particles need energy to escape from the surface

Question 5

condensation

Answer 5

1. gas changes into a liquid, usually on cooling
2. When a gas is cooled its particles lose energy and when they bump into each other, they lack energy to bounce away again, instead grouping together to form a liquid

Question 6

sublimation

Answer 6

1. solid changes directly into a gas
2. occurs when the particles of a solid absorb enough energy to completely overcome the force of attraction between them.

Question 7

solvent

Answer 7

liquid in which a solute dissolves

Question 8

solute

Answer 8

substance which dissolves into a solvent to form a solution

Question 9

solution

Answer 9

mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent

Question 10

saturated solution

Answer 10

solution with the maximum CONCENTRATION of solute dissolved in the solvent

Question 11

arrangement of particles in solid

Answer 11

regularly arranged

Question 12

arrangement of particles in liquid

Answer 12

randomly arranged

Question 13

arrangement of particles in gas

Answer 13

randomly arranged

Question 14

movement of particles in a solid

Answer 14

vibrate about a fixed position

Question 15

movement of particles in a liquid

Answer 15

move around each other

Question 16

movement of particles in a gas

Answer 16

move quickly in all directions

Question 17

closeness of particles in a solid

Answer 17

very close

Question 18

closeness of particles in a liquid

Answer 18

close

Question 19

closeness of particles in a gas

Answer 19

far apart