States of Matter

Question 1

What is Matter?

Answer 1

• matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

What is the Particulate Theory of Matter?

Answer 2

• the particulate theory of matter describes the property of matter

Question 3

What are the four main ideas of the Particulate Theory of Matter?

Answer 3

• all matter is made up of particles
• the particles are always in constant random motion
• there are spaces between the particles
• there are forces of attraction between the particles

Question 4

What evidence is there to support the Particulate Theory of Matter?

Answer 4

• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Brownian Motion

Question 5

What is Diffusion?

Answer 5

• the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down a concentration gradient until evenly distributed

Question 6

What affects the rate of Diffusion?

Answer 6

Temperature
- as temperature increases, kinetic energy in the particles increase which increases the rate of diffusion

Size of Particles
- the bigger the particle, the less it will move so diffusion decreases

Mass of Particles
- the greater the mass, the lesser the movement so diffusion decreases

Question 7

What is Osmosis?

Answer 7

• the movement of water molecules from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential, through a semipermeable membrane until evenly distributed

Question 8

What is Brownian Motion?

Answer 8

• the random movement of macroscopic particles as a result of collisions with surrounding microscopic particles

Question 9

What are the three states of matter and describe them?

Answer 9

Solids
- has a fixed volume and a fixed shape
- molecules are closely packed together and contain the least amount of kinetic energy
- force of attraction between particles is strongest

Liquids
- nearly incompressible and takes the shape of the container it is in
- only state of matter with a definite volume and no fixed shape
- force of attraction between particles is moderate

Gas
- have no fixed volume or shape and has the lowest density of all states
- particles move very fast and collide with each other because of high kinetic energy
- force of attraction between particles is weak

Question 10

What are the different Phase Changes?

Answer 10

Melting
- physical process that results in the phase transition from a solid to a liquid
eg: ice to water

Boiling
- rapid vaporization that occurs when water is heated to its boiling point
eg: water to water vapour

Evaporation
- type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of liquids when changing to gas
eg: the sun heating seas and oceans

Condensation
- the change of the physical state of matter from gas to liquid
eg: water droplets on glass

Freezing
- phase transition where liquid turns into solid when cooled below its freezing point
eg: water to ice

Sublimation
- phase change from solid directly into gas without passing the liquid phase
eg: camphor balls, dry ice

Deposition
- phase change from gas directly into solid without passing the liquid phase
eg: formation of frost and cirrus clouds

Question 11

What is the difference between Evaporation and Boiling?

Answer 11

• evaporation only occurs on the surface of the liquid, does not produce bubbles, occurs at any temperature and leads to cooling while boiling occurs throughout the liquid, produces bubbles, occurs at 100 °C and does not result in cooling

Question 12

What is a Cooling Curve?

Answer 12

• a graph that represents the change of state of matter from gas to liquid to solid

Question 13

What is a Heating Curve?

Answer 13

• a graph that shows increasing temperature against time to measure the energy absorbed and the change from solid to liquid to gas