States of Matter

Question 1

Solids

Answer 1

All particles touching
Regular arrangement
No spaces
Lower amount of energy relative to other states of matter
Don’t have much Energy so they vibrate on the spot
Particles fixed in position because of strong forces of attraction between particles (Bonds)
Difficult to pass through
Can be compressed

Question 2

Liquids

Answer 2

Nearly all particles touching
Irregular arrangement
A few spaces
Medium amount of energy relative to other states of matter
Flow reasonably easily and can be poured
Takes the shape of the container - weaker bonds
Particles can move past each other by making new bonds and breaking old bonds but can’t move freely because of forces of attraction between particles (Bonds)
Easy to pass through
Slightly easier to be compressed

Question 3

Gases

Answer 3

Particles not touching
Large spaces between particles
High amount of energy relative to other states of matter
Spread out and move quickly
Fills the shape of the container - weak bonds + high energy
Particles can move freely as they have a lot of energy to overcome attractions between particles
Very easy to pass through
Very easy to be compressed

Question 4

Solid to Liquid

Answer 4

Melting (the particles are given more energy so they vibrate more until they overcome some of the forces of attractions so that the molecules can move past each other as a liquid)

Question 5

Liquid to Gas

Answer 5

Evaporation

Question 6

Gas to Liquid

Answer 6

Condensation

Question 7

Liquid to Solid

Answer 7

Freezing / Solidifying

Question 8

Solid to Gas

Answer 8

Sublimation

Question 9

What is the name for changes between States of Matter

Answer 9

Interconversion

Question 10

What happens to the temperature of an object while its state of matter is changing

Answer 10

It stays the same because the heat is used to break the bonds of attraction only after that does the temperature carry on increasing and vice versa for when gases turn into liquids and liquids turn into solids

Question 11

When does a solid melt or a liquid solidify

Answer 11

At its melting point

Question 12

When does a liquid evaporate or a gas condense

Answer 12

At its boiling point

Question 13

Effect of impurities on melting and boiling point on a solid

Answer 13

The more impurities there are the lower the melting point of the solid

Question 14

Endothermic Reaction

Answer 14

A reaction that absorbs heat

Question 15

Exothermic Reaction

Answer 15

A reaction that releases heat

Question 16

Do all particles have the same amount of energy

Answer 16

No. We know this because if they were all high then they’d all separate from the liquid and if all were low then none would separate so it is a bell curve where there are some low, some high, but most medium.

Question 17

What happens to the overall temperature of a liquid as hot particles evaporate

Answer 17

Decreases as only the high energy particles would separate from the liquid so you are left with low to medium energy particles meaning a lower temperature

Question 18

What is the difference between Evaporation and Boiling

Answer 18

Evaporation is slower, occurs only from the surface of the liquid, does not produce bubbles, leads to cooling, only high energy particles evaporate.
Boiling is faster, can occur throughout the liquid, produces lots of bubbles from all parts of the liquid not just the surface, does not result in cooling, and can only occur when Vapour Pressure = Atmospheric Pressure

Question 19

What is diffusion

Answer 19

The natural movement of fluid (liquid and gas only) substances without any outside influence from a high concentration to a low concentration until the particles are evenly distributed (equilibrium in concentration) (but the particles do continue to move)

Question 20

What factors influence the rate of diffusion

Answer 20

Higher Temperature - higher Energy - faster diffusion
Heavier mass - slower movement - slower diffusion
Greater difference in concentration - faster diffusion
Bigger Surface Area - faster diffusion

Question 21

What is Brownian Motion

Answer 21

The random path taken by particles as they collide with other particles in a fluid