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Chemistry Y9 > Formulae and Chemical Equations > Flashcards

Formulae and Chemical Equations Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of chemical bonding

A

Ionic, Covalent, Metallic (Metallic is a bond between only Metals)

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2
Q

What is Ionic Bonding

A

Element involved - Metal and Non-Metal
Particles involved - Ions (charged particles e.g. positive/negative)
Description - Electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions (They form ions to get full outer shells)
Example - Sodium Chloride (NaCl) or Iron Sulphide (FeS)

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3
Q

What is Covalent Bonding

A

Element involved - Non-Metal and Non-Metal (could also be bonded with same element like O₂)
Particles involved - Molecules (Simple-small and Giant-big)
Description - Atoms share electrons to achieve full outer shells
Example - Water (H₂O) or Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)

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4
Q

What are Formulae used to represent

A

Compounds (shows the number of each type of atom in a molecule of a substance by writing the number in subscript after the symbol)

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5
Q

Number in Chemical Subscript

A 
1 - Mono
2 - Di
3 - Tri
4 - Tetra
5 - Penta
6 - Hexa
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6
Q

Hydrochloric Acid

A

HCl

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7
Q

Nitric Acid

A

HNO₃

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8
Q

Sulphuric Acid

A

H₂SO₄

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9
Q

Ammonia

A

NH₃

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10
Q

Methane

A

CH₄

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11
Q

Phosphoric Acid

A

H₃PO₄

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12
Q

Carbonic Acid

A

H₂CO₃

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13
Q

6 Diatomic Elements

A 
Hydrogen (H₂)
Oxygen (O₂)
Nitrogen (N₂)
Chlorine (Cl₂)
Iodine (I₂)
Bromine (Br₂)
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14
Q

Compounds that end in -ide

A

Contain only 2 elements (e.g. Sodium Oxide Na₂O; Zinc Sulphide ZnS; Calcium Nitride Ca₃N₂)
OR…
Contain a Hydroxide Group (e.g. Sodium Hydroxide NaOH)

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15
Q

Compounds that end in -ate

A

Contain more than 2 elements, one of which is oxygen (e.g. Potassium Nitrate KNO₃; Calcium Carbonate CaCO₃)

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16
Q

How do you work out the formulae of Ionic Compounds

A

Make sure the positive and negative charges are the same.
OR…
Use Criss-Cross Method
Take charge of the 2 elements and swap the numbers (e.g. Al ³+ and O ²+ becomes Al₂O₃)

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17
Q

What method can you use to “guess” the charge of an element’s ion

A 
Group 1 - 1
Group 2 - 2
Group 3 - 3
Group 4 - 4
Group 5 -3
Group 6 - 2
Group 7 - 1
Group 8/0 - 0
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18
Q

Hydrogen

A

H +

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19
Q

Sodium

A

Na +

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20
Q

Potassium

A

K +

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21
Q

Lithium

A

Li +

22
Q

Silver

A

Ag +

23
Q

Ammonium

A

NH₄ +

24
Q

Magnesium

A

Mg 2+

25
Q

Calcium

A

Ca 2+

26
Q

Copper(II)

A

Cu 2+

27
Q

Zinc

A

Zn 2+

28
Q

Iron(II)

A

Fe 2+

29
Q

Lead

A

Pb 2+

30
Q

Barium

A

Ba 2+

31
Q

Aluminium

A

Al 3+

32
Q

Iron(III)

A

Fe 3+

33
Q

Fluoride

A

F -

34
Q

Chloride

A

Cl -

35
Q

Bromide

A

Br -

36
Q

Iodide

A

I -

37
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH -

38
Q

Nitrate

A

NO₃ -

39
Q

Hydrogen Carbonate

A

HCO₃ -

40
Q

Hydride

A

H -

41
Q

Oxide

A

O 2-

42
Q

Sulfide/Sulphide

A

S 2-

43
Q

Carbonate

A

CO₃ 2-

44
Q

Sulfate/Sulphate

A

SO₄ 2-

45
Q

Nitride

A

N 3-

46
Q

How to balance a Chemical Equation

A

Calculate how many atoms of each element are on each side of the equation (left side - reactants; right side - products)
If numbers are the same then the equation is balanced
If not then add a co-efficient in front of the formulas (this adds more substance not changing the formula otherwise that would make a different substance)
Start with Unbalanced Elements that only appear in one substance on each side of the equation.
Repeat until equation is balanced.

47
Q

What substances do you write a Solid state symbol underneath (write (s) as a subscript on the right of the element/compound)

A 
All metals (e.g. Mg, Ca, Zn, Ni, Li etc...)
Metal Oxides (e.g. Na₂O, MgO)
Metal Carbonates (e.g. CaCO₃, Li₂CO₃)
Carbon (C)
48
Q

What substances do you write a Liquid state symbol underneath (write (l) as a subscript on the right of the element/compound)

A

H₂O
Mercury (Hg)
Fe (when extracted from its ore iron oxide)
SO₃

49
Q

What substances do you write a Gas state symbol underneath (write (g) as a subscript on the right of the element/compound)

A 
Steam - H₂O
H₂
O₂
Cl₂
N₂
CO (Carbon Monoxide)
CO₂
SO₂
HCl - Hydrogen Chloride
CH₄ (Methane)
NO₂
NO
50
Q

What substances do you write an Aqueous state symbol underneath (write (aq) as a subscript on the right of the element/compound)
Aqueous means dissolved in water, ions are free to move

A

All ionic compounds (e.g. MgCl₂, NaCl, FeCl₃)
All acids (e.g. HNO₃ - Nitric Acid, H₂SO₄ - Sulphuric Acid, HCl - Hydrochloric Acid)
Alkaline Solutions (e.g. NaOH, KOH)
Nitrate
Sulfate

Chemistry Y9 (3 decks)

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