States of Matter Flashcards
what is the kinetic particle theory of matter?
a model that describes the arrangement, movement and energy of particles in a substance.
what is the model (from the kpt) used to explain?
the physical properties of solids, liquids and gases.
state the particle arrangement and movement of solids:
refer to the:
-closeness of particles
-arrangement of particles
-movement of particles
-energy of particles
-very close
-regular pattern
-vibrate around a fixed position
-low energy
state the particle arrangement and movement of liquids:
refer to the:
-closeness of particles
-arrangement of particles
-movement of particles
-energy of particles
close
randomly arranged
move around each other
greater energy
state the particle arrangement and movement of gases:
refer to the:
-closeness of particles
-arrangement of particles
-movement of particles
-energy of particles
far apart
randomly arranged
move quickly in all directions
highest energy
state the properties of solids: (3)
-fixed volume and fixed shape
-cannot flow, because their particles cannot move from place to place
-cannot be compressed, because their particles are close together and have no space to move into
state the properties of liquids: (3)
-fixed volume but no fixed shape
-can flow and take shape of their container, because their particles can move around each other
-cannot be easily compressed, because their particles are close together and have no space to move into
state the properties of gases: (3)
-no fixed shape or volume
-can flow and completely fill their container, because their particles can move quickly in all directions
-can be compressed, because their particles are far apart and have space to move into
are changes of state physical or chemical changes? why?
-physical
-no new substance is formed
-reversible
state the following changes:
gas -> solid
solid -> gas
deposition
sublimation
what must happen to a substance in order for it to undergo melting or boiling?
energy must be transferred, by heating, to a substance
what happens to particles during these state changes, and what does this result in during melting and boiling? (3)
particles gain energy
some of the bonds between particles are overcome during melting
all the remaining bonds between particles are overcome boiling
explain why evaporation can take place before the boiling point of a substance: (3)
the molecules in the liquid have different energies.
As the molecules in a liquid collide,
some achieve higher energies, allowing them to escape.
what must happen to a substance in order for it to undergo condensing and freezing?
-energy must be transferred from a substance to the environment for condensation and freezing to happen.
how do the particles of condensing and freezing substances act?
the particles lose energy as bonds form between the particles.
