states of matter Flashcards
How do halogens exist?
diatomic molecules
What are the 3 types of intermolecular forces?
1) dispersion forces (London dispersion forces0
2) dipolar forcers (dipole-dipole interactions)
3) hydrogen bonds
dispersion forces (London dispersion forces)
attraction arising from constant motion of electrons
dipolar forces (dipole-dipole interactions
attractions between oppositely charged ends of neighbouring molecules
hydrogen bonds
attraction between lone pair of electrons on N/O/F atom + H
What does the magnitude of dispersion forces depend on?
how easy it is to distort the electron cloud of a molecule
polarisability
ease of distortion
How can the pressure of the atmosphere be measured?
using a barometer
pV =
1) k
2) nRT
p units
Pa
V units
m³
n units
mol
R
8.314
T units
K
effusion
movement of molecules escaping from a container into a vacuum
diffusion
movement of one type of a molecule through molecules of another type
total pressure =
sum of partial pressures
mole fraction of A = Xₐ =
nₐ/nₜₒₜₐₗ
pₐ =
Xₐ x pₜₒₜₐₗ
surface tension
measure of the resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area
capillary action
upward movement of water against the downward force of gravity
viscosity
a liquid’s resistance to flow
vapour pressure
pressure at which dynamic equilibrium is achieved in a closed container
giant metallic lattice
regular array of positively charged metal ions embedded in a sea of mobile delocalised electrons
How can the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline structure be determined?
x-ray diffraction
