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Psychology > States of Consciousness > Flashcards

States of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Altered State of Consciousness

A

A condition of awareness that is distinctly different from normal waking consciousness in terms of levels of awareness and experience, quality or intensity of sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings and memories experienced.

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2
Q

Sleep Labratories

A

Where patients with sleep disorders can be diagnosed, treated and studies, along with individuals with out a sleep disorder for research purposes

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3
Q

Define conciousness

A

The awareness of objects and events in the external world and of our own existence and mental experiences at any given moment -continuous, changing, personal and..

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4
Q

Attention

A

A concentration of mental activity that involves focusing on specific stimuli while ignoring other stimuli -used to measure different states of waking consciousness -can be focused internally or externally

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5
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

A device used to detect, record and amplify the electrical activity of the brain during sleep

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6
Q

Selective Attention

A

Involves selectively attending to certain stimuli while ignoring other stimuli -Don’t notice what we aren’t attending to -more likely to be attentive to something important or novel

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7
Q

State of Consciousness

A

Level of awareness of ones internal state and external events that determines how much of this information we respond to.

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8
Q

Normal Waking Consciousness

A

State of consciousness associated with being awake and aware of ones thoughts, memories, feelings and sensations from the out side world -in upper half of continuum -perceive world as real -sense of time and place

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9
Q

Electro-oculargraph (EOG)

A

Used to detect, record and amplify electrical activity in the eye muscles and to measure eye movements.

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10
Q

Define Sleep

A

A regularaly occuring altered state of consciousness that typically occurs spontaneously an is primarily characterized by a loss of conscious awareness.

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11
Q

Sleep Required

A

Infant- 16 hrs 50%REM Toddler 12-13 hrs 25-30% REM Childhood/Adolescent- 9hrs 20%REM Late Adulthood- 6-7 hrs 33% REM

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12
Q

Dreaming

A

-during REM sleep -if woken 80% say they were dreaming -several dreams a night -also in NREM but less memorable

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13
Q

REM Sleep

A

Period of rapid-eye-movement sleep during which the eyeballs move rapidly beneath the eyelids -low amp, high freq BETA -deep sleep -PARADOXICAL SLEEP -brain is active -H/R, BP, breathing is faster -physically completely relaxed

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14
Q

NREM Stage 2

A

-truely asleep -brain responds to external stimuli -HR, temp, BP, breathing drop -THETA (lower freq, higher amp) -short bursts of high freq. –Sleep Spindles -K complex- brain responding to external stimuli -10-20 min

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15
Q

NREM Stage 4

A

V. deep sleep physiologically similar to stage 3 Delta Waves V. difficult to wake someone up -sleep inertia/drunkeness SLEEP PHENOMENA time in S4 lessens w/ each cycle

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16
Q

Body Temp

A

Gradually drops as we sleep by 1 degree or more

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17
Q

NREM State 3

A

Moderately deep sleep HR, BP, Temp, breathing drops Theta and Delta(20-50%) Slow Wave sleep– 30 min

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18
Q

NREM Stage 1

A

Drift in and out of sleep Decreasing HR, breathing, temp, and muscled — Hypnic Jerk Decreasing Alpha, incr theta light sleep 5-10 minutes

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19
Q

Video Monitoring

A

Used to record externally observable physiological responses accompanying sleep (including reaming) and changes in types and patterns of sleep

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20
Q

Divided Attention

A

Refers to the ability to distribute our attention and undertake two or more activities

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21
Q

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

A

Galvanic skin response indicates activity of sweat glands by measuring electrical conductivity to gauge an individuals level of arousal

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22
Q

Self Reports

A

A self-reported record of an individuals sleep and wake time activities usually over a period of several weeks

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23
Q

Electrocardiograph (ECG)

A

Measures heart rate Gradually drops from light to deep sleep Can spike in some ASC Dramatic change can be associated w/ sleep phenomena

24
Q

Electromyograph (EMG)

A

A device used to detect, record and amplify the electrical activity in muscles

25
Q

Awareness (NWC)

A

Aware of internal thoughts and feelings and of external stimuli through the senses. -controlled and automatic

26
Q

Controlled Processess

A

The processing of information involves conscious, alert awareness and mental effort. Is SERIAL: only one activity can be performed at a time -often when activity is unfamiliar eg learning to knit

27
Q

Automatic Process

A

Requires little conscious awareness and mental effort and does not interfere with the performance of other activities PARALLEL; we can handle two or more activities at the same time

28
Q

Content Limitations (NWC)

A

Content can be limited through selective attention to become organised and logical. Content remains for only a limited amount of time as consciousness is a never-ending flow of sensations and perceptions. We are in control of what enters our minds (embarrassing etc) therefore we are more limited in our thoughts.

29
Q

Content Limitations (ASC)

A

Content is not as limited, as we don’t have the same control and is often illogical, disorganized and nonsensical. eg. dreams

30
Q

Perception (NWC)

A

Perception is clear and the individual is able to process sensory input to form an awareness of their internal state and external stimuli

31
Q

Perceptual Distortions (ASC)

A

Sensations dulled or enhanced -colours, smells, Hallucinations change in sense of self, loss of reality

32
Q

Cognitive Distortions (ASC)

A

Impaired cognitive functions -thinking is illogcial -difficulty problem solving -MEMORY may not have processed into memories -thinking is illogical and non-sequential -gaps in memory

33
Q

Emotional Awareness (NWC)

A

Individuals are aware of their feelings and show a normal range of appropriate emotions

34
Q

Emotional Awareness (ASC)

A

ASC’s put individual’s feelings into a state of turmoil, resulting in uncharacteristic responses. Become more/less emotional with inappropriate/ unpredictable reactions

35
Q

Self Control (ASC)

A

-difficulty maintaining self control -difficulty co-ordinating/controlling movements -more susceptible to suggestion (hypnosis) -engage in risky behaviouts

36
Q

Time Orientation (NWC)

A

Time is perceived as moving at a normal rate -idea of past, present, future

37
Q

Time Orientation (ASC)

A

Estimation of time is distorted -move slower/faster -no sense of time (during sleep)

38
Q

Restorative purpose of sleep

A

Sleep provides ‘time’ out to help is recover from depleting activities during waking time that uses up the body’s physical and mental resources. -replenishes stores of energy -repairs damaged cells -detoxifies muscles

39
Q

Evidence for Restorative Sleep

A

-people feel refreshed after waking -sleep longer when ill -hormone that helps to repair body is secreted more whole asleep.

40
Q

Restorative Functions for NREM sleep What and evidence

A

Restores the body -physical growth and tissue repair occur in stage 3 and 4 of NREM -hormone for body repair is secreted more while asleep

41
Q

Restorative functions for REM sleep What and evidence

A

-REM more abundant in fetus( when brain is developing most) -Helps consolidate new information -rats did better in mazes if they had REM sleep after learning -helps exercise neurons so they don’t deteriorate.

42
Q

REM Rebound

A

Involves catching up on lost REM Sleep by spending more time in than usual in REM sleep the next time they sleep

43
Q

Survival Theory of Sleep

A

Sleep evolved to conserve their energy and protect themselves during the most risky or dangerous times of the day or when they are most vulnerable. while sleeping they are less likely to attract attention

44
Q

Evidence for Survival Theory of Sleep

A

-lions are at the top of the food chain therefore sleep alot -grazing animals can’t hide/climb so they’re safer to sleep for shorter periods -humans are visual animals therefore sleep at night when they are most vulnerable

45
Q

Problems with Survival Theory of Sleep

A

Does not explain why sleep involves a loss of awareness -while asleep we are less ready to respond to danger– not survival

46
Q

Total Sleep Deprivation

A

Involves not having any sleep at all Have to rely on convenience samples no long lasting effects

47
Q

Partial Sleep Deprivation

A

Having Less sleep than is normally required

48
Q

Effects of total sleep deprivation

A

experiments with rats -unable to maintain body temp. -no immune systems -dies after 2-3 weeks after 11 days of no sleep -hallucinations, paranoia and depression Fatigue, lack of energy, change in eating patterns, h/r and breathing slow, body temp drops, incr. sensitivity to pain

49
Q

Effects of Partial Sleep Deprivation

A

Severity depends on -individual, how much sleep is lost, how long they’ve been deprived -decline in ability to perform cognitive task -short term memory processes impaired -minor physiological & psychological effects Range from -lack of energy, lapse in attention, irritabilty

50
Q

Sleep Wake Cycle Shift

A

During adolescence, hormones make their body clocks shift forward by 1-2 hours meaning they get to sleep later and therefore, need to wake up later

51
Q

Circadian Rythm

A

A cycle where hormones get released at different times, doing different things -melatonin gets released at night, causing us to feel sleepy. -linked to external cues (sunlight/darkness, alarms, meals)

52
Q

Microsleeps

A

Avery short period of drowsiness or sleeping that occurs while the person is apparently awake -EEG lookes lake stage 1/2 of NREM -makes it difficult to test Total Sleep Deprivation

53
Q

Daydreaming

A

An altered state of consciousness in which we shift our attention from external stimuli to internal thoughts, feelings and imagined scenarios that occurs naturally often with out us being aware

  • more when we’re stationary/lack of stimuli
  • Eg. alone, waiting to sleep, boring activities
  • minimal eyemovement
  • Alpha brainwaves
54
Q

Reasons for Daydreaming

A

Freud:

  • allows us to live out our fantasies

Nowdays:

  • enables us to try out a range of courses of actions that could be applied to particular situations
  • assist us to solve problems
  • to keep our brain mentally alert when there insufficient external stimuli
55
Q
  • Alcohol-Induced State
A

An altered state of consciousness wherethe alcohol lessens inhibitions by depressing the activity of the brain center respinsible for judgement and self control

  • Has various effects on consciousness
56
Q

Alcohol Induced State of Conciousness

Effects

A
  1. Shortened Attention Span
  2. Impared perceptions
  3. Impaired Thinking
  4. Impaired Mempry
  5. Impaired Emotional Awareness
  6. Impaired Perception of Time
  7. Slower Reaction Times
  8. Reduced Self Awareness
  9. Less Slef Control
  10. Difficulty with Voluntary Muscle Control
  11. Deterioration in Performance of Fine Motor Skills
57
Q
A

Psychology (3 decks)

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