States Flashcards
What is density
How compact an object is
Relates volume to mass
Solids and density
Strong forces of attraction holding particles in fixed regular arrangement
Only vibrate in fixed positions
Usually the highest density as the particles are closest together
Liquids and density
Weaker forces of attraction
Particles are close together but can move passed each other and form irregular arrangements
Have more energy that particles in a solid and move in random directions at low speeds
Generally less dense than solids
Gases and density
No forces of attraction between particles
Most energy
Free to move and move in random directions at high speeds
Less dense than liquids
How to measure density of a solid
Using a measuring scale record the mass
Submerge it in a full eureka can and find the volume of the displaces water
Using the equation density=mass/volume work out the density
What happens when you heat a system
Transfers energy to the particles (gains kinetic energy and move faster) increasing the internal energy
This leads to changes in temperatures of changes in state
What is it called when a solid turns to a gas
Subliming
What is specific latent heat
The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance
Why does changing the state require energy
Energy is required to break intermolecular bonds
Why do changes of state graphs have flat lines
Energy is being transferred by heating but not used to change the temperature and density (increasing temperature)
Energy is released when bonds are formed so the internal energy decreases but the temperature doesn’t decrease (decreasing temperature)
Why does increasing temperature increase the pressure of a gas filled container?
When particles move at high speeds it increases the frequency of collisions, which exerts a force. In a sealed container the outwards gas pressure increases
Why does increasing volume result in decreasing pressure
Decreases the frequency of collisions as the particles are more spread out
How does changes in pressure cause a change in volume
A decreased pressure causes the container to expand
How does doing work increase the temperature
Increases the internal energy which increases the temperature
