Statecraft and Digital Diplomacy Flashcards
1
Q
? (200?)
- ? diplomacy is a ?war ?, associated with ? activities, ? relations, and fostering ? sector
- ? diplomacy manages ?, and ? ? to advance interests
- The ? on ?, for example, is driving a relationship between ?, ?, and public
A
Gregory (2008)
- Public diplomacy is a cold war mechanic, associated with broadcasting activities, cultural relations, and fostering private sector
- Public diplomacy manages relationships, and influences opinions to advance interests
- The War on terror, for example, is driving a relationship between government, media, and public
2
Q
? (200?)
- Just as ? allowed expansion in the 16th C, ? underpinned empire in the 19thC, and ?, ? and Tv formed international relations in the 20th, the ? is dominating communication in the 21st
- The ? diaspore is regularly ?, ?, and commented on via the ? by the state and citizens
- The ? is the ? part of a nation’s critical ?, such as ? cyber ? grinding ? and ? to a halt in 200?
A
Westcott (2008)
- Just as ships allowed expansion in the 16th C, telegraph underpinned empire in the 19thC, and plane, radio and Tv formed international relations in the 20th, the internet is dominating communication in the 21st
- The Armenian diaspore is regularly protested, connected, and commented on via the internet by the state and citizens
- The internet is the vulnerable part of a nation’s critical infrastructure, such as Estonian cyber attack grinding state and business to a halt in 2007
3
Q
?boa (200/)
- ? diplomacy studies has many focused on the ?
- ? programmes are designed to achieve ? coverage in the ?, in a ? way
A
Gilboa (2008)
- Public diplomacy studies has many focused on the USA
- PR programmes are designed to achieve favourable coverage in the media, in a misleading way
4
Q
? (200?)
- ? diplomacy is based on complex relations between ?, ?, and ? opinion
A
Soroka (2003)
- Public diplomacy is based on complex relations between state, media, and public opinion
5
Q
? (200?)
- ? diplomacy involves the ? of ? and ?.
- ? diplomacy by ? in the ? is received ? by the US media
A
Zhang (2006)
- public diplomacy involves the negotiations of symbols and meaning.
- Public diplomacy by China in the USA is received negatively by the US media
6
Q
? (200?_
- States that fail to forge a ?, and export it via ? ?, will fail in the 21st C
- ? forged ‘Cool ?’ to promote the Uk as ?
A
Ham (2002_
- States that fail to forge a narrative, and export it via public diplomacy, will fail in the 21st C
- Blair forged ‘Cool Britannia’ to promote the Uk as creative
7
Q
? (200?)
- ? diplomacy draws attention to potential ?
- Not always positive: ? ? diplomacy may fail to exert ? power in ? countries, where ? is filmed as negative
A
Nye (2008)
- Public diplomacy draws attention to potential resources
- Not always positive: Hollywood cultural diplomacy may fail to exert soft power in arab countries, where Islam is filmed as negative
8
Q
? and Small (200?)
- difference in ? and ? diplomacy is that the public has broader ?, and broader set of ? than small ?
- ? used to be a strategic ? location during ? War. Now uses ? sector company, ? ?, to become an effective digital outreach, with ? that have ? winning ?
A
Leonard and Small (2003)
- difference in public and traditional diplomacy is that the public has broader numbers, and broader set of interests than small elites
- Norway used to be a strategic NATO location during Cold War. Now uses private sector company, Innovation Norway, to become an effective digital outreach, with embassies that have award winning websites
9
Q
? (201?)
- > , and ? bodies can involve ? repression
- ? gov-backed block of ? sites, began to block ? ? webistes
- ? blocked ?, and then blocked pages relating to ? ?
- ? blocks porn, but justified blocking nearly every website it wants as porn
A
Diebert (2010)
- Porn, and women’s bodies can involve digital repression
- Thailand gov-backed block of porn sites, began to block politically opposing webistes
- Pakistan blocked porn, and then blocked pages relating to Balochistan indepndence
- Uzabekistan blocks porn, but justified blocking nearly every website it wants as porn
10
Q
?rson and ? (201?)
- ? allowed ? voting in 200?
- ? 200? law allows state to ? ? activities to prevent ?
A
Rogerson and Miltion (2010)
- Estonia allowed online voting in 2007
- Singapore 2003 law allows state to monitor online activities to prevent criminalty
11
Q
Mc? (200?)
- Pacific ? marginalised during the War on ? (not all ambassadors ? and important)
A
McNamara (2009)
- Pacific ambassadors marginalised during the War on Terror (not all ambassadors elite and important)
12
Q
? (201?)
- ?’s civilisation clash, however true it is, was an unpopular ? ?
- US-UK alliance, from ? Germany, involved the ? unity of the states; ? ? compared to other states
A
Dittmer (2014)
- Huntington’s civilisation clash, however true it is, was an unpopular meta narrative
- US-UK alliance, from Nazi Germany, involved the digital unity of the states; uneven diplomacy compared to other states
13
Q
? (201?)
- ? ? educational ? diplomacy, since post-war, were renewed in 200? with ? and ?
- Similar to ? educational programme’s aim
A
Bette (2015)
- American Fulbright educational cultural diplomacy, since post-war, were renewed in 2003 with Afghanistan and Iraq
- Similar to Chinese educational programme’s aim?
14
Q
? (200?)
- ? diplomacy key tools driven by ? opinion, and influence of ?
- UK ? effective ? diplomacy through the British ? ?, focusing on ? exchange
- From ? propaganda, to Rwanadan ? ?, idea that ? can influence ?
- Western media like ? and ? were forms of ? ? against the ?
A
Pahlavi (2007)
- Public diplomacy key tools driven by public opinion, and influence of media
- UK evaluates effective public diplomacy through the British council’s scoreboard, focusing on student exchange
- From Nazi propaganda, to Rwanadan Hate Rado, idea that media can influence events
- Western media like MTV and Hollywood were forms of public diplomacy against the USSR
15
Q
? (201?)
- ? diplomacy in ? ? fail to come across as ?, selectively allowing ?, and trying to influence ? of ?
A
Khakimova (2013)
- Public diplomacy in arab embassies fail to come across as democratic, selectively allowing reporters, and trying to influence direction of dialogue
