Narrating the Nation

Question 1

? (201?)

• ? use ? narratives to ? their ? for the international order
• ? on the importance of ? communication, and how ? is an ? process
• ? media has been over-? as offering the ability for ? to provide ?, ?-up narratives, such as in ? leaks where ? had to operate with ? for effect
• Evaluating ? of narratives: for example, ? change from ? gov push on ? change

Answer 1

Miskimmon (2012)

• State use strategic narratives to articulate their aspirations for the international order
• MoD on the importance of strategic communication, and how narrative is an ongoing process
• Social media has been over-stated as offering the ability for citizens to provide alternative, bottom-up narratives, such as in wiki leaks where citizens had to operate with media for effect
• Evaluating success of narratives: for example, behavioural change from UK gov push on climate change

Question 2

? (199?)

• ? weaves ? to dominate ?
• ? narratives set ‘facts’ as ? posts
• ? is an effective ?-narrative of ? behaviour across market and state

Answer 2

Roling (1999)

• Narrative weaves representations to dominate behaviour
• Strategic narratives set ‘facts’ as goal posts
• Neoliberalism is an effective meta-narrative of selfish behaviour across market and state

Question 3

? (199?)

• ? can ? events to give them greater ?
• How ? ? at adult roles see ? as crucial
• American narrative ? by ? communities, who see it ? as ? by ?

Answer 3

Patterson (1998)

• Narratives can exaggerate events to give them greater meaning
• How children play at adult roles see rehearsal as crucial
• American narrative rejected by native communities, who see it as progress by tyranny

Question 4

? (200?)

- Without a clear ?, the nation can become ? in its use

Answer 4

Shenhav (2004)

- Without a clear narrative, the nation can become confused in its use

Question 5

? (201?)

• ? uses ? organisations to have its ? taught world wide, a form of ? and ? diplomacy
• ? denies this is an impression of ?-power

Answer 5

Hartig (2015)

• China uses educational organisations to have its languages taught world wide, a form of cultural and public diplomacy
• State denies this is an impression of soft-power

Question 6

? (200?)

- ? diplomacy is the attempt to manage ? ? by making one’s ? and ? known

Answer 6

Cull (2008)

- cultural diplomacy is the attempt to manage international community by making one’s resources and achievements known

Question 7

? (201?)

- ? diplomacy is a countries’ engagement with ? ?

Answer 7

Wang (2011)

- Public diplomacy is a countries’ engagement with foreign citziens

Question 8

? (201?)

• ? member ? narratives vary in gaining support for ?
• Both ? and ? government argued they could protect the ? by invading
• ? failed to present a clear narrative on ?, and lost ? support

Answer 8

Ringmose (2011)

• NATO member strategic narratives vary in gaining support for Afghanistan
• Both UK and Danish government argued they could protect the homeland by invading
• Canada failed to present a clear narrative on Afghanistan, and lost citizen support

Question 9

? (201?)

• American ? strategic narrative was most successful during the ? War, with ? capability and ? power helping to fuel the story
• ? admin altered the post-? ? narrative, by recognising ? failures in the ? East

Answer 9

Panment (2014)

• American frontier strategic narrative was most successful during the Cold War, with military capability and economic power helping to fuel the story
• Obama admin altered the post-9/11 Bush narrative, by recognising American failures in the Middle East

Question 10

? (201?):
- Russian ?, as argued by western ?, is strong: they’ve supplanted ? in ? East; gained ? without consequence; placed ? in the White House

Answer 10

Ashford (2016):
- Russian narrative, as argued by western media, is strong: they’ve supplanted US in Middle East; gained territory without consequence; placed trump in the White House

Question 11

Di ? (201?):

- ? ? that the middle east is a war against ?, justifies their actions

Answer 11

Di Giovanni (2016): 
- Russian narrative that the middle east is a war against terrorism, justifies their actions

Question 12

?ton (201?): ? American oppose ? ?, and thus resist the American ? of ? by any means

Answer 12

Farrington (2016): Native American oppose Dakota pipeline, and thus resist the American narrative of progress by any means