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AQUATIC BIO > State of the Philippine Freshwater Biodiversity > Flashcards

State of the Philippine Freshwater Biodiversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is the ecosystem of a river, stream or spring

A

Lotic Ecosystem

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2
Q

involves relatively still terrestrial waters such as lakes and
ponds

A

Lentic Ecosystems

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3
Q

Cave and Groundwater

A

Hypogean Ecosystems

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4
Q

How many lakes does the Philippines have?

A

216 lakes

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5
Q

10 Lakes in the Philippines and its location

A
  1. Laguna de Bay - Laguna and Rizal
  2. Lake Lanao - Lanao del Sur
  3. Lake Dapao - Lanao del Sur
  4. Lake Buluan - South Cotabato
  5. Lake Sebu - South Cotabato
  6. Lake Bato - Camarines Sur & Albay
  7. Lake Buhi - Camarines Sur
  8. Taal Lake - Batangas
  9. Lake Mainit - Surigao del Norte & Agusan del Norte
  10. Naujan Lake - Oriental Mindoro
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6
Q

Number of Philippine Rivers

A

421 Major Rivers
21 River Basins - Luzon (8), Visayas (5), Mindanao (8)

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7
Q

What are the River Basins in Luzon?

A
  1. Abra River Basin
  2. Agno River Basin
  3. Apayao-Abulug River Basin
  4. Bicol River Basin
  5. Cagayan River Basin
  6. Marikina River Basin
  7. Pampanga River Basin
  8. Pasig-Laguna River Basin
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8
Q

What are the River Basins in Visayas?

A
  1. Central Cebu River Basin
  2. Iloilo Batiano River Basin
  3. Ilog-Hilabangan River Basin
  4. Jalaur River Basin
  5. Pan-ay River Basin
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9
Q

What are the River Basins in Mindanao?

A
  1. Agusan River Basin
  2. Buayan-Malungon River Basin
  3. Cagayan de Oro River Basin
  4. Davao River Basin
  5. Mindanao River Basin
  6. Ranao (Agus) River Basin
  7. Tagoloan River Basin
  8. Tagum-Libuganon River Basin
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10
Q

How many caves are there in the Philippines?

A

1, 500 Caves

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11
Q

Philippine Caves:

A
  1. Langun-Gobingob Cave (Samar)
  2. Tulingon Cave (Aklan)
  3. Odessa Cave (Cagayan)
  4. Odloman Cave (Negros Oriental)
  5. Capisaan Cave (Nueva Vizcaya)
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12
Q

LARGEST VERTEBRATE GROUP
with 28, 000 described species
16, 000 marine species
12, 000 freshwater sepcies

A

Fishes

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13
Q

Percentage of Endemic, Native, and Introduced Freshwater Fishes in the Philippines

A

84.24% Endemic
214.61% Native
53.15% Introduced

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14
Q

Cave and Groundwater Fishes of the world

A

233

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15
Q

Philippine Cave Fish

A

2 or 3

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16
Q

Laguna de Bay species

A

Leiopotherapon plumbeus (ayungin)
Gobiopterus lacustris (dulong)
Arius manillensis (kanduli)
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)
Pterygoplichthys spp.
Chitala ornata (Gray 1831)

17
Q

Lake Lanao species

A

Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)
Hypseleotris agilis Herre 1927
Guiris margaritacea (Valenciennes 1837)

18
Q

Lake Taal species

A

Sardinella tawilis (tawilis)
Hydrophis semperi Garman, 1881
Parachromis managuensis (Gunther, 1867)
Sarotherodon menaotheroon (Ruppell, 1852)
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)

19
Q

Naujan Lake Species

A

Barbodes hemictenus (paitan)
Leiopotherapon plumbeus (ayungin)
Acrochordus granulatus (Schneider 1799)
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)

20
Q

Lake Bato species

A

Mistichthys luzonensis (tabios)
Gulaphallus bikolanus (balanak)
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)

21
Q

Lake Buhi species

A

Mistichthys luzonensis (sinarapan)
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)

22
Q

Traditional fishing gear

A

sarap or salap

23
Q

Lake Manguao Species

A
  • Puntius manguaoensis
  • Puntius bantolanensis
  • Nematabramis alestes alestes
  • Oxyleotris expatria
  • Dermogenys palawanensis
  • Hito taytayensis Herre 1924
  • Rasbora argyrotaenia everetti
    Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)
24
Q

Threats and Challenges

A
  • Destruction or degradation of habitat
  • Hydrological manipulation
  • Overexploitation/overcollection/Illegal
    wildlife trade
  • Water pollution
  • Climate change
  • Influx of tourists
  • Invasion by exotic species
25
Q

is one of the five top drivers for global biodiversity loss

A

Biotic invasion

26
Q

is the second leading cause of species extinction in freshwater habitats

A

Introduction of alien species

27
Q

Process of Invasion

A

Place of Origin -> New Range: Immigrants -> Survive and Reproduce: Adventives -> Population persists: Naturalized -> Population increasing/Spreading: Invaders

28
Q

The three-stage hierarchical approach :

A
  1. Prevention
  2. . Early detection and rapid eradication
  3. Long-term control and containment
29
Q

an introduced species, with no record of introduction to the Philippines.
Introduced with authority from BFAR. (Guerrero III 2014)

A

Pterygopichthys pardalis (Janitor fish, Armored Catfish)
Chitala ornata (Gray 1831)

30
Q

Listed No. 24 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne, Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000).
* Introduced from Thailand in 1972 (Guerrero III 2014)

A

Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758)

31
Q
  • Listed No. 24 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne, Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000).
  • Introduced to the Philippines in 1912.
A

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms

32
Q
  • Listed No. 30 as 100of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne,
    Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000).
  • Introduced from Hongkong in 1915 (Guerrero III 2014).
A

Cyprinus carpio carpio (common carp)

33
Q
  • Listed No. 39 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe,
    Browne, Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000).
  • Introduced to the Philippines from Hawaii
    in 1913 by Alvin Seale (1917).
A

Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard 1853)

34
Q
  • Listed No. 54 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe,
    Browne, Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000).
  • Introduced from San Francisco, California, USA by Alvin Seale in 1907 (Seale 1910)
A

Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède 1802)

35
Q
  • Listed No. 66 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne,
    Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000).
  • Introduced in 1972 from Thailand (Guerrero III 2014)
A

Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)

36
Q
  • Listed No. 73 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne,
    Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000).
  • Introduced from South America in the 1980s.
  • With voracious appetite for water plants.
  • Common pest in rice fields.
A

Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck 1819)

37
Q
  • Introduced in 1972 from Israel (Guerrero III 1997;
    Cagauan 2007); Thailand (?) (Guerrero III 2014)
A

Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

38
Q

Seven countries that have legally
recognized the rights of nature

A
  1. Ecuador
  2. New Zealand
  3. Colombia
  4. Australia
  5. The United States of America
  6. Bangladesh
  7. India
39
Q

Best Practices around the globe

A

page 73 to 76

AQUATIC BIO (4 decks)

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