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AQUATIC BIO > State of the Philippine Freshwater Biodiversity > Flashcards

State of the Philippine Freshwater Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

is the ecosystem of a river, stream or spring

A

Lotic Ecosystem

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2
Q

involves relatively still terrestrial waters such as lakes and
ponds

A

Lentic Ecosystems

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3
Q

Cave and Groundwater

A

Hypogean Ecosystems

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4
Q

How many lakes does the Philippines have?

A

216 lakes

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5
Q

10 Lakes in the Philippines and its location

A
  1. Laguna de Bay - Laguna and Rizal
  2. Lake Lanao - Lanao del Sur
  3. Lake Dapao - Lanao del Sur
  4. Lake Buluan - South Cotabato
  5. Lake Sebu - South Cotabato
  6. Lake Bato - Camarines Sur & Albay
  7. Lake Buhi - Camarines Sur
  8. Taal Lake - Batangas
  9. Lake Mainit - Surigao del Norte & Agusan del Norte
  10. Naujan Lake - Oriental Mindoro
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6
Q

Number of Philippine Rivers

A

421 Major Rivers
21 River Basins - Luzon (8), Visayas (5), Mindanao (8)

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7
Q

What are the River Basins in Luzon?

A
  1. Abra River Basin
  2. Agno River Basin
  3. Apayao-Abulug River Basin
  4. Bicol River Basin
  5. Cagayan River Basin
  6. Marikina River Basin
  7. Pampanga River Basin
  8. Pasig-Laguna River Basin
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8
Q

What are the River Basins in Visayas?

A
  1. Central Cebu River Basin
  2. Iloilo Batiano River Basin
  3. Ilog-Hilabangan River Basin
  4. Jalaur River Basin
  5. Pan-ay River Basin
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9
Q

What are the River Basins in Mindanao?

A
  1. Agusan River Basin
  2. Buayan-Malungon River Basin
  3. Cagayan de Oro River Basin
  4. Davao River Basin
  5. Mindanao River Basin
  6. Ranao (Agus) River Basin
  7. Tagoloan River Basin
  8. Tagum-Libuganon River Basin
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10
Q

How many caves are there in the Philippines?

A

1, 500 Caves

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11
Q

Philippine Caves:

A
  1. Langun-Gobingob Cave (Samar)
  2. Tulingon Cave (Aklan)
  3. Odessa Cave (Cagayan)
  4. Odloman Cave (Negros Oriental)
  5. Capisaan Cave (Nueva Vizcaya)
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12
Q

LARGEST VERTEBRATE GROUP
with 28, 000 described species
16, 000 marine species
12, 000 freshwater sepcies

A

Fishes

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13
Q

Percentage of Endemic, Native, and Introduced Freshwater Fishes in the Philippines

A

84.24% Endemic
214.61% Native
53.15% Introduced

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14
Q

Cave and Groundwater Fishes of the world

A

233

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15
Q

Philippine Cave Fish

A

2 or 3

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16
Q

Laguna de Bay species

A

Leiopotherapon plumbeus (ayungin)
Gobiopterus lacustris (dulong)
Arius manillensis (kanduli)
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)
Pterygoplichthys spp.
Chitala ornata (Gray 1831)

17
Q

Lake Lanao species

A

Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)
Hypseleotris agilis Herre 1927
Guiris margaritacea (Valenciennes 1837)

18
Q

Lake Taal species

A

Sardinella tawilis (tawilis)
Hydrophis semperi Garman, 1881
Parachromis managuensis (Gunther, 1867)
Sarotherodon menaotheroon (Ruppell, 1852)
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)

19
Q

Naujan Lake Species

A

Barbodes hemictenus (paitan)
Leiopotherapon plumbeus (ayungin)
Acrochordus granulatus (Schneider 1799)
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)

20
Q

Lake Bato species

A

Mistichthys luzonensis (tabios)
Gulaphallus bikolanus (balanak)
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)

21
Q

Lake Buhi species

A

Mistichthys luzonensis (sinarapan)
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)

22
Q

Traditional fishing gear

A

sarap or salap

23
Q

Lake Manguao Species

A
  • Puntius manguaoensis
  • Puntius bantolanensis
  • Nematabramis alestes alestes
  • Oxyleotris expatria
  • Dermogenys palawanensis
  • Hito taytayensis Herre 1924
  • Rasbora argyrotaenia everetti
    Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)
24
Q

Threats and Challenges

A
  • Destruction or degradation of habitat
  • Hydrological manipulation
  • Overexploitation/overcollection/Illegal
    wildlife trade
  • Water pollution
  • Climate change
  • Influx of tourists
  • Invasion by exotic species
25
is one of the five top drivers for global biodiversity loss
Biotic invasion
26
is the second leading cause of species extinction in freshwater habitats
Introduction of alien species
27
Process of Invasion
Place of Origin -> New Range: Immigrants -> Survive and Reproduce: Adventives -> Population persists: Naturalized -> Population increasing/Spreading: Invaders
28
The three-stage hierarchical approach :
1. Prevention 2. . Early detection and rapid eradication 3. Long-term control and containment
29
an introduced species, with no record of introduction to the Philippines. Introduced with authority from BFAR. (Guerrero III 2014)
Pterygopichthys pardalis (Janitor fish, Armored Catfish) Chitala ornata (Gray 1831)
30
Listed No. 24 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne, Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000). * Introduced from Thailand in 1972 (Guerrero III 2014)
Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758)
31
* Listed No. 24 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne, Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000). * Introduced to the Philippines in 1912.
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
32
* Listed No. 30 as 100of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne, Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000). * Introduced from Hongkong in 1915 (Guerrero III 2014).
Cyprinus carpio carpio (common carp)
33
* Listed No. 39 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne, Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000). * Introduced to the Philippines from Hawaii in 1913 by Alvin Seale (1917).
Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard 1853)
34
* Listed No. 54 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne, Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000). * Introduced from San Francisco, California, USA by Alvin Seale in 1907 (Seale 1910)
Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède 1802)
35
* Listed No. 66 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne, Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000). * Introduced in 1972 from Thailand (Guerrero III 2014)
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)
36
* Listed No. 73 as 100 of the worst IAS (Lowe, Browne, Boudjelas, De Poorter 2000). * Introduced from South America in the 1980s. * With voracious appetite for water plants. * Common pest in rice fields.
Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck 1819)
37
* Introduced in 1972 from Israel (Guerrero III 1997; Cagauan 2007); Thailand (?) (Guerrero III 2014)
Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
38
Seven countries that have legally recognized the rights of nature
1. Ecuador 2. New Zealand 3. Colombia 4. Australia 5. The United States of America 6. Bangladesh 7. India
39
Best Practices around the globe
page 73 to 76

AQUATIC BIO (4 decks)

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