State entrance exam Flashcards
1
Q
definition of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax
A
- Were in contact with animal died of, diseased in or suspicious to anthrax within 20 days before the confirmation
- Consumed feedstuffs or water of the same origin as feedstuffs or water of animal died of, diseased in or suspicious to anthrax
- Grazed on a pasture infected with anthrax without vaccination 2 weeks-6 months before
2
Q
definition of animals diseased with anthrax
A
- Typical clinical signs
- Characteristic lesions in the organs (PM, meat inspection)
- Lab findings
3
Q
official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax
A
- Separation:
▪ Diseased & suspected of being diseased
▪ Suspected of being infected
▪ Other susceptible animals - immediate treatment (ABs, hyperimmune serum)
- change of feedstuffs, drinking water, no grazing
4
Q
official measures in case of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax
A
- vaccination, 14 days observation
- Cattle, horse: taking the temp
- Sheep, goats, pigs: daily observation
- In case of fever or clinical signs: treatment
5
Q
rules of taking samples in case of FMD suspicion
A
- 1g of tissue from an unruptured or recently ruptured vesicle.
- Epithelium samples should be placed in a transport medium which maintains a pH of 7.2-7.4.
- Samples should be kept at 4oC.
- Oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid collected by means of a probang cup
6
Q
use of vaccination in case of confirmation of FMD
A
- Protective vaccination
o Regionalisation of the vaccination zone
o Second surveillance zone: at least 10 km wide - Suppressive vaccination
o Part of an immediate stamping-out strategy
o Applied to ensure minimum spread of the virus during disposal of infected animals
o Carried out only within the protection zone and on clearly identified holdings
7
Q
rules of recovery of foot-and mouth disease free status if no vaccination has been used:
A
- The control and eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance zones have been effective and may be lifted and
- At least three months have elapsed after the last recorded outbreak
8
Q
definition of officially brucellosis free bovine herd
A
- No clinical signs (for min 12 months)
- No vaccination (min 3 years)
- All animals over 12m:
o Two serological tests (6-12m interval) or
o 3 milk tests (3 monthly interval) + 6w later serolgy - Animals introduced: from officially free herds or tested (within 30dd)
- Regular testing (every year)
- General measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory examinations, separate calving, control of movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs and cats on the holding etc.)
9
Q
definition of positive single intradermal tuberculin test
A
- if clinical signs are observed or there is an increase of 4 mm or more in the thickness of the fold of skin at the injection site.
10
Q
definition of negative single intradermal tuberculin test
A
- if only limited swelling is observed, with an increase of not more than 2 mm in the thickness of the fold of skin without clinical signs (such as diffuse or extensive oedema, exudation, necrosis, pain or inflammation of the lymphatic ducts in that region or of the lymph nodes.)
11
Q
definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test
A
- a positive bovine reaction which is more than 4 mm greater than the avian reaction, or the presence of clinical signs
12
Q
definition of negative comparative intradermal tuberculin test
A
- a negative bovine reaction, or a positive or inconclusive bovine reaction but which is equal to or less than a positive or inconclusive avian reaction and the absence of clinical signs in both cases.
13
Q
definition of tuberculosis free bovine herd
A
- No clinical signs (min 12 months)
- All animals over 6w: two official intradermal tuberculin tests
-1st: 6 month after the removal of infected animals, 2nd: 6 -12 month later - Animals introduced: from officially free herds or tested (within 30dd)
- Meat inspection, lesions: comp. investigation
- Two/ Yearly tuberculin testing of all animals over 12 months
- General measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory examinations, control of
movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs and cats on the holding etc.)
14
Q
definition of officially enzootic-bovine-leukosis-free herd
A
- there is no evidence, either clinical or as a result of a laboratory test, of any case of enzootic
bovine leukosis in the herd and no such case has been confirmed in the previous 24 months;
and - all animals over 24 months of age have reacted negatively during the preceding 12 months to
two tests carried out at an interval of at least 4 months; and - any animals introduced into the herd
- come from an officially enzootic bovine-leukosis-free herd or
- originate from establishments where there has been no evidence of EBL within the 24 months prior to their dispatch; and
- all animals over 24 months of age reacted negatively to a test on two occasions at an interval of not less than 4 months while kept in isolation; or have been subjected to a serological test, with a negative result, within 30 days prior to their introduction
- all animals less than 24 months of age were born to dams, that have been subjected to a serological test for EBL, with negative results, carried out on samples taken during the past 12 months on two occasions at an interval of not less than 4 months - all germinal products of bovine animals introduced into the establishment originate from
establishments free from EBL; or from an approved germinal product establishments
15
Q
definition of IBR-virus free bovine herd
A
- All animals over 6 months of age are tested 2x (interval 2-12 months)
- In dairy herd: milk samples: 3x (interval 2 months)
- IBR-free semen for insemination
- Embryo-transfer: free parents
- Introduced animals:
o First blood or milk test is negative
o Originating from free herd
o Test during the 30 days isolation: 2x (21 days)
16
Q
maintenance of IBR-virus free status in bovine herd
A
- All animals over 6 months of age : tested in every 12 months
- Animals for slaughter: test before transport for slaughter
- Dairy herd: milk test in every 6 months
= Aborted animals: test 3-6 weeks after abortion - Only animals originating from free herds are introduced (test: 2x, 21 days interval)
17
Q
definition of specified risk material in bovine animals
A
the skull excluding the mandible and including the brain and eyes, and the spinal cord of animals aged over 12 months
the vertebral column excluding the vertebrae of the tail, the transverse processes of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae and the wings of the sacrum, but including dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord of animals aged over 30 months,
the tonsils and the last four meters of the small intestines the caecum and the mesentery of animals of all ages
18
Q
definition of specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals
A
the skull including the brain and eyes, the tonsils, the spinal chord of animals aged over 12 months or which have a permanent incisor erupted through the gum, and
the spleen and ileum of animals of all ages.
19
Q
definition of “cohort” in case of confirmation of BSE
A
means a group of bovine animals which were either born in the same herd as, and within 12 months preceding or following the birth of, the affected cattle or reared together with the affected animal at any time during the first year of their life and which may have consumed the same feed as that which the affected animal consumed during the first year of its life
20
Q
official measure in case of confirmation of African swine fever on a holding
A
- all the pigs on the holding are killed and their carcasses processed
- all contaminated material or waste must be destroyed, processed or treated
- cleaning and disinfection of all premises, vehicles and equipment under
official supervision - meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable
introduction of the disease and the taking of official measures shall be - traced and processed when possible
- protection zone: a radius of at least 3 km
- surveillance zone: a radius of at least 10 km
o census of all the holdings
o ban on the movement and transport of pigs
o movement restrictions of products, vehicles, people
o no markets. fairs, gatherings
o strict cleaning, disinfection, disinsectisation
21
Q
official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever on a holding
A
- all the pigs on the holding are killed and their carcasses rendered
- any material or waste likely to be contaminated is destroyed, rendered or processed
- cleaning and disinfection under official supervision
- meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of the disease and the taking of official measures shall be traced and processed when possible
- epidemiological inquiry
22
Q
official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever in feral pigs
A
- Determination of the infected area
- Officially surveillance on the pig holdings in the area
- Official census
- Isolation of domestic pigs from feral pigs
- No pigs enter or leave the holding without authorisation
- Written plan of the measures taken to eradicate the disease in the infected area
- Collection of information on the:
o Geographical distribution of the disease;
o Information campaign to increase hunters’ awareness of the measures to be taken
o Approximate number of feral pigs populations in and around the infected area;
o Method of removal of feral pigs found dead or shot
23
Q
use of vaccination in case of confirmation of classical swine fever
A
- Use of preventative CSF vaccines is prohibited
- The Member State concerned may submit an emergency vaccination plan to the Commission for both farm pigs & feral pigs
- Marker vaccine must be used
24
Q
definition of Aujeszky disease infection free swine herd
A
- No infection for 2 years
- Epidemiological conditions (E.g. isolation, controlled movements, lab exams, records) (!!!)
- No vaccination for 12 months
- Testing of all breeding sows & boars & representative sample of fattening pigs
- Insemination or naturally breeding with negative semen/boars
25
definition of animals diseased of equine infectious anaemia
- Typical clinical signs or
- Non-typical clinical signs but demonstration of the virus and/or 2 positive serology (interval: 21 days)
- Pathology, histopathology
26
definition of animals suspected of being contaminated with equine infectious anaemia
- Kept within 90 days with diseased or suspected of being diseased animals
- No clinical signs but 2 inconclusive or 1 positive serology (interval: 21 days)
27
evaluation of ophthalmic test in case of glanders
- 24 hours rest
- 0.2 ml mallein dripped onto the conjunctiva
- evaluation: 8-12 or 16-24 hours:
o Positive: swelling, purulent discharge
o Inconclusive: mucous discharge
o Negative
28
official control measures in case of confirmation of African horse sickness outbreak
- Notice: informing the public about restrictions
- Killing of infected horses
- Disposal of carcasses and animal waste
- Strict disinfection
- 20 km zone: official surveillance, obligatory vaccination, laboratory examination of dogs, killing of diseased dogs
- Epizootic inquiry
- Taking into account of epidemiological, geographical (e.g. mountains), climatic conditions (seasonal)
29
definition of potentially rabid animal
- An animal that shows the symptoms of the disease, or
- An animal that is symptomless but has been bitten by a rabid or a potentially rabid animal, and
- A wild mammal which behaves strangely or attacks humans
30
definition of potentially rabies-infected animal
- means an animal that has or may have contacted a rabid or potentially rabid animals within the last 90 days
31
definition of rabies risky animal
- Means any mammal that has attacked or bitten humans,
| - Or any dog that has not received an anti-rabies vaccination in accordance with the regulations
32
official measures with potentially rabid animals
- shall be killed or upon the request of the animal keeper put under official monitoring for 90 days, if the conditions of such monitoring can be ensured without any problem.
- the animals showing clinical signs shall be inspected daily, while animals not showing clinical signs shall be inspected weekly
- stray or wild animals shall be killed and the official veterinarian shall be informed without delay
33
official measures with potentially rabies-infected animals
- shall be put under official monitoring for 90 days
o the potentially rabies-infected carnivorous animals shall be monitored under separation at the place of their keeping, inspected once every three weeks or if their safe separation is not possible at an official place
o the potentially rabies-infected non-carnivorous animals shall be inspected once every 3 weeks. They shall be separated from humans and other animals
34
official measures with potentially rabies risky animals
- shall be put under official monitoring for 14 days and unless they have it, dogs shall be marked with a microchip
- at the end of the monitoring period it is necessary to order the anti-rabies vaccination of the dogs that do not have a valid anti-rabies vaccination
35
rules of preventive vaccination of dogs against rabies
- vaccination of all dogs above 3 months of age with the following schedule
o within 30 days after reaching 3 months of age
o within 6 months after the first vaccination
o every year afterwards
36
public health measures in case of rabies
- The official veterinary shall notify the competent regional institution of medical authority if
o He/she confirms rabies or potential rabies;
o He/she becomes aware of the fact that a rabid or potentially rabid or potentially rabies-infected animal has bitten (attacked) any person.
- Upon the detection of any wound caused by a dog, cat or wild animal, the physician caring for the wound shall immediately notify in writing the competent official veterinary authority about the information available with regard to the circumstances of the case including, in particular, the name and home address of the animal keeper. Based on such notification, the official veterinarian shall take the necessary measures without delay.
- The autopsy of the rabid or potentially rabid animal or the removal of its head for diagnostic purposes may be performed only in protective clothes to exclude the risk of infections.
37
official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle disease on a holding
- all poultry are killed on the spot
- the carcasses and eggs are destroyed
- any substance or waste liable to be contaminated is destroyed or treated
- the meat of poultry slaughtered during the presumed incubation period is traced and destroyed
- hatching eggs laid during the presumed incubation period is traced and destroyed
- poultry which hatched from such eggs are placed under official surveillance
- thorough cleaning and disinfection
- reintroduction at least 21 days after the end of the disinfection operations
- protection and surveillance zones
38
official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle disease in pigeons
- application of the control and eradication measures provided for the poultry
- or at least a ban on movement of the pigeons or birds kept in captivity for at least 60 days
- destruction or treatment of any matter or waste likely to be contaminated
- an epizootiological inquiry
- use of swill is prohibited for the feeding of poultry
- contingency plan
39
rules of lifting the restrictions ordered in case of scabies:
- observation periods
- Sheep: if wool < 2cm - 42 days after dipping
- if wool >2cm 70 days after 2X dipping
- other preparations: 42 days
- other species: 42 days after 2X treatment
40
official control measures with rabbit flocks diseased of viral haemorrhagic disease
- movement restrictions, slaughter prohibited; killing,
o Disposal of carcasses
o Valuable flock: killing of diseased animals + vaccination of the flock (followed during the next 6 months) (exception)
