State entrance exam

Question 1

definition of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax

Answer 1

• Were in contact with animal died of, diseased in or suspicious to anthrax within 20 days before the confirmation
• Consumed feedstuffs or water of the same origin as feedstuffs or water of animal died of, diseased in or suspicious to anthrax
• Grazed on a pasture infected with anthrax without vaccination 2 weeks-6 months before

Question 2

definition of animals diseased with anthrax

Answer 2

• Typical clinical signs
• Characteristic lesions in the organs (PM, meat inspection)
• Lab findings

Question 3

official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax

Answer 3

• Separation:
  ▪ Diseased & suspected of being diseased
  ▪ Suspected of being infected
  ▪ Other susceptible animals
• immediate treatment (ABs, hyperimmune serum)
• change of feedstuffs, drinking water, no grazing

Question 4

official measures in case of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax

Answer 4

• vaccination, 14 days observation
• Cattle, horse: taking the temp
• Sheep, goats, pigs: daily observation
• In case of fever or clinical signs: treatment

Question 5

rules of taking samples in case of FMD suspicion

Answer 5

• 1g of tissue from an unruptured or recently ruptured vesicle.
• Epithelium samples should be placed in a transport medium which maintains a pH of 7.2-7.4.
• Samples should be kept at 4oC.
• Oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid collected by means of a probang cup

Question 6

use of vaccination in case of confirmation of FMD

Answer 6

• Protective vaccination
  o Regionalisation of the vaccination zone
  o Second surveillance zone: at least 10 km wide
• Suppressive vaccination
  o Part of an immediate stamping-out strategy
  o Applied to ensure minimum spread of the virus during disposal of infected animals
  o Carried out only within the protection zone and on clearly identified holdings

Question 7

rules of recovery of foot-and mouth disease free status if no vaccination has been used:

Answer 7

• The control and eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance zones have been effective and may be lifted and
• At least three months have elapsed after the last recorded outbreak

Question 8

definition of officially brucellosis free bovine herd

Answer 8

• No clinical signs (for min 12 months)
• No vaccination (min 3 years)
• All animals over 12m:
  o Two serological tests (6-12m interval) or
  o 3 milk tests (3 monthly interval) + 6w later serolgy
• Animals introduced: from officially free herds or tested (within 30dd)
• Regular testing (every year)
• General measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory examinations, separate calving, control of movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs and cats on the holding etc.)

Question 9

definition of positive single intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 9

• if clinical signs are observed or there is an increase of 4 mm or more in the thickness of the fold of skin at the injection site.

Question 10

definition of negative single intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 10

• if only limited swelling is observed, with an increase of not more than 2 mm in the thickness of the fold of skin without clinical signs (such as diffuse or extensive oedema, exudation, necrosis, pain or inflammation of the lymphatic ducts in that region or of the lymph nodes.)

Question 11

definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 11

• a positive bovine reaction which is more than 4 mm greater than the avian reaction, or the presence of clinical signs

Question 12

definition of negative comparative intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 12

• a negative bovine reaction, or a positive or inconclusive bovine reaction but which is equal to or less than a positive or inconclusive avian reaction and the absence of clinical signs in both cases.

Question 13

definition of tuberculosis free bovine herd

Answer 13

• No clinical signs (min 12 months)
• All animals over 6w: two official intradermal tuberculin tests
  -1st: 6 month after the removal of infected animals, 2nd: 6 -12 month later
• Animals introduced: from officially free herds or tested (within 30dd)
• Meat inspection, lesions: comp. investigation
• Two/ Yearly tuberculin testing of all animals over 12 months
• General measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory examinations, control of
  movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs and cats on the holding etc.)

Question 14

definition of officially enzootic-bovine-leukosis-free herd

Answer 14

1. there is no evidence, either clinical or as a result of a laboratory test, of any case of enzootic
   bovine leukosis in the herd and no such case has been confirmed in the previous 24 months;
   and
2. all animals over 24 months of age have reacted negatively during the preceding 12 months to
   two tests carried out at an interval of at least 4 months; and
3. any animals introduced into the herd
   - come from an officially enzootic bovine-leukosis-free herd or
   - originate from establishments where there has been no evidence of EBL within the 24 months prior to their dispatch; and
   - all animals over 24 months of age reacted negatively to a test on two occasions at an interval of not less than 4 months while kept in isolation; or have been subjected to a serological test, with a negative result, within 30 days prior to their introduction
   - all animals less than 24 months of age were born to dams, that have been subjected to a serological test for EBL, with negative results, carried out on samples taken during the past 12 months on two occasions at an interval of not less than 4 months
4. all germinal products of bovine animals introduced into the establishment originate from
   establishments free from EBL; or from an approved germinal product establishments

Question 15

definition of IBR-virus free bovine herd

Answer 15

• All animals over 6 months of age are tested 2x (interval 2-12 months)
• In dairy herd: milk samples: 3x (interval 2 months)
• IBR-free semen for insemination
• Embryo-transfer: free parents
• Introduced animals:
  o First blood or milk test is negative
  o Originating from free herd
  o Test during the 30 days isolation: 2x (21 days)

Question 16

maintenance of IBR-virus free status in bovine herd

Answer 16

• All animals over 6 months of age : tested in every 12 months
• Animals for slaughter: test before transport for slaughter
• Dairy herd: milk test in every 6 months
  = Aborted animals: test 3-6 weeks after abortion
• Only animals originating from free herds are introduced (test: 2x, 21 days interval)

Question 17

definition of specified risk material in bovine animals

Answer 17

the skull excluding the mandible and including the brain and eyes, and the spinal cord of animals aged over 12 months
the vertebral column excluding the vertebrae of the tail, the transverse processes of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae and the wings of the sacrum, but including dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord of animals aged over 30 months,
the tonsils and the last four meters of the small intestines the caecum and the mesentery of animals of all ages

Question 18

definition of specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals

Answer 18

the skull including the brain and eyes, the tonsils, the spinal chord of animals aged over 12 months or which have a permanent incisor erupted through the gum, and
the spleen and ileum of animals of all ages.

Question 19

definition of “cohort” in case of confirmation of BSE

Answer 19

means a group of bovine animals which were either born in the same herd as, and within 12 months preceding or following the birth of, the affected cattle or reared together with the affected animal at any time during the first year of their life and which may have consumed the same feed as that which the affected animal consumed during the first year of its life

Question 20

official measure in case of confirmation of African swine fever on a holding

Answer 20

• all the pigs on the holding are killed and their carcasses processed
• all contaminated material or waste must be destroyed, processed or treated
• cleaning and disinfection of all premises, vehicles and equipment under
  official supervision
• meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable
  introduction of the disease and the taking of official measures shall be
• traced and processed when possible
• protection zone: a radius of at least 3 km
• surveillance zone: a radius of at least 10 km
  o census of all the holdings
  o ban on the movement and transport of pigs
  o movement restrictions of products, vehicles, people
  o no markets. fairs, gatherings
  o strict cleaning, disinfection, disinsectisation

Question 21

official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever on a holding

Answer 21

• all the pigs on the holding are killed and their carcasses rendered
• any material or waste likely to be contaminated is destroyed, rendered or processed
• cleaning and disinfection under official supervision
• meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of the disease and the taking of official measures shall be traced and processed when possible
• epidemiological inquiry

Question 22

official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever in feral pigs

Answer 22

• Determination of the infected area
• Officially surveillance on the pig holdings in the area
• Official census
• Isolation of domestic pigs from feral pigs
• No pigs enter or leave the holding without authorisation
• Written plan of the measures taken to eradicate the disease in the infected area
• Collection of information on the:
  o Geographical distribution of the disease;
  o Information campaign to increase hunters’ awareness of the measures to be taken
  o Approximate number of feral pigs populations in and around the infected area;
  o Method of removal of feral pigs found dead or shot

Question 23

use of vaccination in case of confirmation of classical swine fever

Answer 23

• Use of preventative CSF vaccines is prohibited
• The Member State concerned may submit an emergency vaccination plan to the Commission for both farm pigs & feral pigs
• Marker vaccine must be used

Question 24

definition of Aujeszky disease infection free swine herd

Answer 24

• No infection for 2 years
• Epidemiological conditions (E.g. isolation, controlled movements, lab exams, records) (!!!)
• No vaccination for 12 months
• Testing of all breeding sows & boars & representative sample of fattening pigs
• Insemination or naturally breeding with negative semen/boars

Question 25

definition of animals diseased of equine infectious anaemia

Answer 25

• Typical clinical signs or
• Non-typical clinical signs but demonstration of the virus and/or 2 positive serology (interval: 21 days)
• Pathology, histopathology

Question 26

definition of animals suspected of being contaminated with equine infectious anaemia

Answer 26

• Kept within 90 days with diseased or suspected of being diseased animals
• No clinical signs but 2 inconclusive or 1 positive serology (interval: 21 days)

Question 27

evaluation of ophthalmic test in case of glanders

Answer 27

• 24 hours rest
• 0.2 ml mallein dripped onto the conjunctiva
• evaluation: 8-12 or 16-24 hours:
  o Positive: swelling, purulent discharge
  o Inconclusive: mucous discharge
  o Negative

Question 28

official control measures in case of confirmation of African horse sickness outbreak

Answer 28

• Notice: informing the public about restrictions
• Killing of infected horses
• Disposal of carcasses and animal waste
• Strict disinfection
• 20 km zone: official surveillance, obligatory vaccination, laboratory examination of dogs, killing of diseased dogs
• Epizootic inquiry
• Taking into account of epidemiological, geographical (e.g. mountains), climatic conditions (seasonal)

Question 29

definition of potentially rabid animal

Answer 29

• An animal that shows the symptoms of the disease, or
• An animal that is symptomless but has been bitten by a rabid or a potentially rabid animal, and
• A wild mammal which behaves strangely or attacks humans

Question 30

definition of potentially rabies-infected animal

Answer 30

• means an animal that has or may have contacted a rabid or potentially rabid animals within the last 90 days

Question 31

definition of rabies risky animal

Answer 31

• Means any mammal that has attacked or bitten humans,

- Or any dog that has not received an anti-rabies vaccination in accordance with the regulations

Question 32

official measures with potentially rabid animals

Answer 32

• shall be killed or upon the request of the animal keeper put under official monitoring for 90 days, if the conditions of such monitoring can be ensured without any problem.
• the animals showing clinical signs shall be inspected daily, while animals not showing clinical signs shall be inspected weekly
• stray or wild animals shall be killed and the official veterinarian shall be informed without delay

Question 33

official measures with potentially rabies-infected animals

Answer 33

• shall be put under official monitoring for 90 days
  o the potentially rabies-infected carnivorous animals shall be monitored under separation at the place of their keeping, inspected once every three weeks or if their safe separation is not possible at an official place
  o the potentially rabies-infected non-carnivorous animals shall be inspected once every 3 weeks. They shall be separated from humans and other animals

Question 34

official measures with potentially rabies risky animals

Answer 34

• shall be put under official monitoring for 14 days and unless they have it, dogs shall be marked with a microchip
• at the end of the monitoring period it is necessary to order the anti-rabies vaccination of the dogs that do not have a valid anti-rabies vaccination

Question 35

rules of preventive vaccination of dogs against rabies

Answer 35

• vaccination of all dogs above 3 months of age with the following schedule
  o within 30 days after reaching 3 months of age
  o within 6 months after the first vaccination
  o every year afterwards

Question 36

public health measures in case of rabies

Answer 36

• The official veterinary shall notify the competent regional institution of medical authority if
  o He/she confirms rabies or potential rabies;
  o He/she becomes aware of the fact that a rabid or potentially rabid or potentially rabies-infected animal has bitten (attacked) any person.
• Upon the detection of any wound caused by a dog, cat or wild animal, the physician caring for the wound shall immediately notify in writing the competent official veterinary authority about the information available with regard to the circumstances of the case including, in particular, the name and home address of the animal keeper. Based on such notification, the official veterinarian shall take the necessary measures without delay.
• The autopsy of the rabid or potentially rabid animal or the removal of its head for diagnostic purposes may be performed only in protective clothes to exclude the risk of infections.

Question 37

official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle disease on a holding

Answer 37

• all poultry are killed on the spot
• the carcasses and eggs are destroyed
• any substance or waste liable to be contaminated is destroyed or treated
• the meat of poultry slaughtered during the presumed incubation period is traced and destroyed
• hatching eggs laid during the presumed incubation period is traced and destroyed
• poultry which hatched from such eggs are placed under official surveillance
• thorough cleaning and disinfection
• reintroduction at least 21 days after the end of the disinfection operations
• protection and surveillance zones

Question 38

official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle disease in pigeons

Answer 38

• application of the control and eradication measures provided for the poultry
• or at least a ban on movement of the pigeons or birds kept in captivity for at least 60 days
• destruction or treatment of any matter or waste likely to be contaminated
• an epizootiological inquiry
• use of swill is prohibited for the feeding of poultry
• contingency plan

Question 39

rules of lifting the restrictions ordered in case of scabies:

Answer 39

• observation periods
• Sheep: if wool < 2cm - 42 days after dipping
• if wool >2cm 70 days after 2X dipping
• other preparations: 42 days
• other species: 42 days after 2X treatment

Question 40

official control measures with rabbit flocks diseased of viral haemorrhagic disease

Answer 40

• movement restrictions, slaughter prohibited; killing,
  o Disposal of carcasses
  o Valuable flock: killing of diseased animals + vaccination of the flock (followed during the next 6 months) (exception)