state boards haircutting vocab Flashcards
45 degree haircut
medium elevation haircut also known as wedge or graduated
90 uniform layered haircut
elevation haircut at 90 degrees that provides movement
180 long layered haircut
haircut with increased long layers
allergy
immune response or reaction to substances that are usually not harmful
alopecia
abnormal hair loss
alopecia areata
patchy loss of hair occurring on the scalp or other parts of the body
alopecia total is
severe case of alopecia where balding occurs over the entire head
alopecia universalis
severe case of alopecia where balding occurs over entire body
amphoteric
surfactants that are very mild and compatible with all other surfactants
anagen
period of active hair growth
androgenic alopecia
male or female pattern baldness
anionic
shampoo with detergent base that is inexpensive but has deep cleansing abilities
antiseptic
prevents and reduces infection by eliminating or decreasing the growth of microorganisms it can be safely applied to the skin
apex
highest point of the head
arrector pili muscle
small involuntary muscle located along the side of the hair follicle that is responsible for goose bumps
bacilli
rod shaped spore-producing bacteria
bacteria
one cell microorganisms
balance
equal in proportion
beveling
technique that creates curved lines in a haircut by cutting ends with slight increase or decrease in length
bloodborne pathogens
infectious pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood or bodily fluids and can cause disease in humans. these pathogens include but are not limited to HBV and HIV
carbuncle
localized infection caused by staphlyococci bacteria similar to a furuncle but larger
carving
cutting technique where the still blade is placed into the hair and shears partially opened and closed while moving through the hair
catagen
period of break down and change of hair growth
cationic
removes dirt from the hair shaft and provides softness and moisture
cervical vertebrae
consists of seven vertebrae bones that make up the portion of the spiral column located in the neck
chunking
texturizing technique that removes larger sections of hair, creates movement in a perimeter design line by breaking up the weighted line
coarse texture
hair has large diameter or width and feels thick
cocci
circular shaped bacteria that produce pus and can cause strep throat and blood poisoning
combination haircuts
haircuts using two or more degrees
contagious/ communicable
means that infections diseases can be transferred from one person to another by contact
contamination
presence of unclean materials or tools left on a surface
cowlick
tuft of hair that stands up with strong directional growth pattern
cranium
covers the top and sides of the head and consists of 6 bones
cross checking
parting hair in opposite direction from which it was cut or colored
crown
the upper back of the head
cuticle (hair)
the tough outer protective covering of the hair
decontamination
removal of any infections materials on tools or surfaces by following all sanitation and disinfection guidelines
decontamination method 1(Disinfecting)
clean tools with warm soapy water, remove visible debris, submerge tools in an EPA registered disinfectant
decontamination method 2(sterilization)
clean tools w warm soapy water, remove visible debris then place all tools in high pressure steam unit
deionized water
aka purified water is water that has had the metal ions and impurities removed through ion exchange process
density
number of hair strands per square inch on the scalp
dermal papillae
small cone-shaped elevation at the base of the hair follicle filled with blood vessels
diameter
the thickness of a hair strand
diplococci
spherical shaped bacteria that grow in pairs and cause pneumonia
disconnected lines
not connected independent lines that normally do not blend having a defined break in the design
disease
bacterial invasion of the body that disrupts a normal function of health
disorder
any abnormality of bodily function
edging
aka outlining or etching is the technique of cutting around the hairline to create a clean line or a design within a haircut
elevation
aka as degree or projection degree or angle by which the hair is lifted and combed in relation to the head
epicranial aponeurosis
tendon that connects the occipital and the frontalis
epicranium
the complete scalp, the muscles, skin, and aponeurosis covering the skull
epicranius
aka occipito frontalis the broad muscle formed by the joining of the frontalis and occipitalis
ergonomics
applied science concerned with designing and arranging things that people use so both people and things interact most efficiently and safely
exposure incident
when you come in contact with broken skin, body fluids, blood or any other potentially infectious items while at work
exterior
the outer or external part
fallen hair
hair that is naturally shed or gathered from brush and comb
filtration
separating water from its mineral substances therefore producing less contaminated water
fine texture
hair has a small diameter that feels thin
fragility’s crinium
also known as brittle hair when the hair is susceptible to breakage
frontal bone
forms the forehead starts at the top of the eyes extending to the beginning curve of the head
frontalis
the muscle that encompasses the forehead and extends into the beginning curve of the scalp
fungi
members of a large group of organisms that include microorganisms such as yeast, molds and mildews
furuncle
boil or abscess of the skin located in the hair follicle
growth pattern
direction the hair grows from the scalp
hair bulb
rounded, club shaped part of hair located at the end of the hair root
hair follicle
tube like pocket in the skin that contains the hair root from which the hair will grow
hair stream
hair growing in the same direction creates a natural part
hard water
remains unaltered and contains an amount of dissolved minerals such as calcium and magnesium
humectant
substances added to conditioners to help the hair retain moisture
hydrophilic
easily absorbs moisture and capable of combining with or attracting water
immunity
body ability to fight of infection
interior guideline
guide that is inside the haircut
keratin
protein building block for hair skin and nails
keratinization
process of converting living skin cells into hard proteins
lanugo hair
known as belly’s hair, is soft white and downy hair found on the body usually lacking medulla
latissimus dorsi
large flat muscle covering the lower back, helps to extend the arm from the body and rotate the shoulder
lipophilic
oil living having an attraction to fat and oils
malassezia
naturally occurring fungus
mildew
usually a white substance that grows on the surface of things in wet warm conditions but does not cause human infections on the skin
monilethrix
condition causing beaded hair. hair is weak before each node and easily broken
motility
self movement
nape
section of the head from the occipital bone to the hairline
natural distribution
direction hair moves or falls on the head
non pathogenic
bacteria that are not harmful
nonporous
when an item is made or constructed of materials that are not penetrated by water air or other fluids
notch cutting
texturizing technique similar to point cutting but cutting is done toward the ends rather than into them
occipital bone
bone that covers the back of the head and sits directly above the nape
occipitalis
muscle located in the nape of the neck that draws the scalp back
parasitic disease
disease caused by parasites such as lice and itch mites
parietal bone
two bones one on each side of the head that form the entire crown and top sides
parietal ridge
largest curve of the head it separates the interior of the head from the exterior of the head
pathogenic
bacteria that are harmful and cause disease
pediculosis capitis
condition caused by the infestation of the hair and scalp caused by lice
pityriasis
dandruff
pityriasis steatoides
is a severe case of dandruff excessive amounts of waxy or greasy scales that accumulate on the scalp in crusts
platysma
muscle that extends from the top of the chin to the shoulder and lowers the jaw and lip
point cutting
texturizing technique using tips of the shears to cut into the ends of the hair to create multiple lengths that will blend within the hair ends
scabies
a condition caused by a microscopic mite known as a itch mite
sebaceous glands
glands that produce sebum an oily substance that lubricates the skin and scalp
shifted distribution
also known as over directed
slithering
also known as slicing is a texturizing technique using a sliding movement down the hair shaft to remove bulk and add mobility or for blending and face framing
soft water
where mineral content is dissolved and removed rain water is considered soft water
sphenoid
wedge shaped bone that joins all the bones of the cranium
spirilla
spiral shaped or curved bacteria
standard precautions
set of guidelines published by the centers for disease control (CDC) that requires an employer to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious
staphylococci
bacterial cells which form in clusters causing abscesses pustules and boils
stationary guideline
guideline that does not move
sternoledomastoideus
long muscle that stretches from the back of the ear along the side of the neck to the collar bone
streptococci
bacterial cells that grow in curved lines shaping into chains and may cause abscesses, pustules, and boils. cause infections such as blood poisoning and strep throat
surfactant
surface active agent or wetting agent that has the ability to dissolve in water and remove dirt from surfaces such as hair. the ingredient in shampoo that causes it to lather
tapering
also known as fading is a cutting technique that blends hair from a shorter length at the perimeter to a longer length as it moves up the head
telogen
resting phase of hair growth
telogen effluvium
premature or sudden hair loss
temporal bone
two bones are on each side of the head that forms the lowers side of the head
temporalis
the temple muscle located above and in front of the ear that helps in opening and closing the mouth as in chewing
terminal hair
pigmented hair on the body
texture
the diameter or width of individual hair strands within the overall hair structure, textures described as fine, medium, and coarse
texturizing
techniques that help to blend lines or remove excess bulk without changing the shape of the haircut
tinea barbae
superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin
tinea capitis
fungal infection of the skin and scalp characterized by red papules or spots at the opening of the hair follicle
tinea favosa
known as honeycomb ringworm, fungal infection of the scalp characterized by a pink scalp with thick whitish yellow crusts known as scutula which tend to have slight odor
traction alopecia
hair loss through repetitive and excessive pulling or stretching of the hair
trapezius
flat triangular muscles that run from the upper back to the back of the neck
trichology
study of hair and it’s diseases and disorders
trichoptilosis
also known as split ends
trichorrehexis nodosa
also known as knotted hair
weight line
concentration of hair within an area that gives the appearance of heaviness and density
whorl
circular growth pattern, use special considerations when cutting
