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PSU Sophomore > STAT 200 Final > Flashcards

STAT 200 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Population parameter

A

Fixed value that we usually don’t know

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2
Q

Sample statistic

A

Known value that we achieve by taking a random sample from population

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3
Q

Simple random sample

A

Sample from population is chosen randomly

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4
Q

A good experiment uses

A

simple random sample and random assignment

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5
Q

Random assignment

A

Assigning to groups (control or treatment) randomly

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6
Q

If no random assignment, then

A

NO causation

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7
Q

If sample was not randomly selected, then

A

NEVER generalize to population

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8
Q

Observational study

A

Survey

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9
Q

Randomized experiment

A

Change the variables

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10
Q

Matched pairs study

A

Match 2 samples in group or compare as group

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11
Q

More likely, tend to

A

association

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12
Q

Lead to, affect, cause

A

Causation

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13
Q

Proportion or risk

A

Topic on interest / Total # in category

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14
Q

Odds (ex. 45 to 20)

A

with outcome/ # without outcome

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15
Q

Relative risk (ex. you are 5.2 times more likely to get lung cancer if you smoke compared to a non-smoker)

A

risk1/risk2 (proportion 1/proportion 2)

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16
Q

5 # summary

A

Min, Q1, Median, Q3, Max

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17
Q

IQR

A

Q3-Q1

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18
Q

If median is closer to Q1

A

right-skewed

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19
Q

If median is closer to Q3,

A

left-skewed

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20
Q

Mean is greater than median

A

Right skewed

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21
Q

Mean is less than median

A

Left skewed

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22
Q

Large standard deviation

A

More variability and wide graph
Straight graph

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23
Q

Smaller std dev

A

Less variability and narrow graph

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24
Q

Correlation does NOT imply

A

causation

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25
Q

Sampling distribution center

A

Population parameter

26
Q

As sample size increases, SE

A

decreases

27
Q

Confidence interval

A

CI statistic +- (multiplier)(SE)

28
Q

Bootstrap center

A

Sample statistic (ORIGINAL)

29
Q

Type I error

A

false positive

30
Q

Type II error

A

false negative

31
Q

Proportions use which distribution?

A

Z

32
Q

Means use which distribution?

A

t

33
Q

Central limit theorem for Z distribution (Proportion)

A

np and n(1-p) >10

34
Q

Central limit theorem for t distribution (mean)

A

n>30 or looks symmetrical

35
Q

Z multiplier is NOT the

A

Z statistic

36
Q

Paired t test

A

Same group of individuals (2 means for each case)

37
Q

Difference in means

A

Not same group (or 2 sample t-test)

38
Q

Linear regression hypotheses

A

B1=0
B1 does not = 0

39
Q

If b1 = 0,

A

no linear correlation

40
Q

If b1 does not equal, >, < 0

A

Pos, neg, or any relationship at all

41
Q

R2 tells us

A

how close data point is to line of best fit

42
Q

R2 interpretation

A

Approximately % of the variability in ___ can be explained by the predictor _____

43
Q

Chi-Square Test for association

A

Expected counts must be greater than or equal to 5

44
Q

Randomization center

A

null value

45
Q

Larger sample size,

A

Smaller SE, Narrower CI

46
Q

Smaller sample size,

A

Larger SE, Wider CI

47
Q

Random assignment CANNOT

A

generalize to the population

48
Q

Explanatory variable on

A

x axis

49
Q

Response variable on

A

y axis

50
Q

A smaller standard deviation’s graph will

A

look more symmetrical

51
Q

1 man in 7 will be diagnosed with cancer
1 in 39 will die of prostate cancer

A

Individual risk

52
Q

Residual is positive when

A

point is above slope

53
Q

Residual is negative when

A

point is below slope

54
Q

If the proportion of undergrad students who vape is 1/8, what are the odds that a student vapes?

A

1/7

55
Q

Larger standard deviation,

A

larger range

56
Q

z score

A

number of standard deviations from the mean

57
Q

You cannot use linear regression when

A

the data is not linear

58
Q

Use which distribution to construct a confidence interval?

A

bootstrap

59
Q

Construct the 92% CI for the correlation. What percentiles will we use as cutoffs?

A

4th and 96th

60
Q

Increasing the sample size, changes the p value and t value how?

A

p value decrease
t value larger

PSU Sophomore (3 decks)

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