Starting a Study

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

• a prediction of a relationship between one or more factors and the problem under study that can be tested

Question 2

Null hypothesis

Answer 2

• there is no difference between the treatment/intervention group and the control group

Question 3

Alternate hypothesis

Answer 3

• the treatment/intervention group will do better than the control group

Question 4

Directional hypothesis

Answer 4

• example: cancer treatment will cause the tumor to shrink

Question 5

Non-directional hypothesis

Answer 5

• example: cancer treatment will have an affect on the disease progression

Question 6

Research hypothesis

Answer 6

• same as scientific hypothesis
• statement about the expected relationship of the variables

Question 7

Statistical hypothesis

Answer 7

• same as null hypothesis
• states there is no difference between the variables

Question 8

Simple True Experimental

Answer 8

• one independent variable with 2 levels (treatment vs. control groups)
• one dependent variable

Question 9

Advantages of pretest design

Answer 9

• can measure extent of change
• determine inclusion
• equivalency of groups
• assess reasons for and effects of mortality

Question 10

Disadvantages of pretest design

Answer 10

• time consuming
• sensitization to pretest

Question 11

Solomon Four Group Design

Answer 11

• 2 treatment groups
• 2 control groups
• one treatment and one control group receives a pretest
• all 4 groups receive a post-test

Question 12

Complex True Experimental

Answer 12

• increased levels of IV
• factorial design
• multiple DVs
• randomized matched control group design
• used in small samples
• increases cost in time and money

Question 13

Increased levels of IV

Answer 13

• provides more complete information about the relationship between IV and DV
• detects curvilinear relationships
• examines effects on multiple treatments

Question 14

Factorial design

Answer 14

• more than 1 independent variable
• simultaneously determine effects of 2 or more factors on the dependent variable (real world)

Question 15

Quasi-Experimental Designs

Answer 15

• 1 group post-test only/one shot study (no control of IV)
• 1 group pre-test and post-test (history, maturation, testing, instrument decay, regression, no control group)
• non-equivalent control group (selection bias)
• non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test (can check selection bias)
• time series
• single subject/case study
• developmental designs