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Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide + water —————-/ glucose + oxygen

Question 2

REMEMBER- practical six bottles containing water and 20 gel beads of algae.
Purple, red, yellow bottle order from light from lamp

Answer 2

Yellow bottle means concentration of carbon dioxide is high.
Respiration occurs faster than the photosynthesis
Orange-red when carbon dioxide concentration is the same as normal air
Purple (close to light) - carbon dioxide concentration is low. Photosynthesis very faster than respiration.

Question 3

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

Answer 3

Carbon dioxide is a limiting factor because it increases the rate of photosynthesis
Temperature increases kinetic energy of molecules and increases the rate of enzyme activity making photosynthesis faster
If temperature is too high, enzymes denature.

Question 4

Phloem

Answer 4

-Contain sieve tube elements which have very little cytoplasm so that there is a lot of space to transport sucrose
Companion cells have lots of mitochondria. These supply energy from respiration to active transport of sucrose into and out of the sieve tubes
-Sucrose is translocated around the plant in the phloem sieve tubes.

Question 5

Xylem

Answer 5

Dead cells which have no cytoplasm or cell contents
Loads of space for water to travel through with mineral ions
Holes called pits in walls to allow water in and out
Walls strengthened with lignin rings, which makes them very strong and prevents it from collapsing

Question 6

Transpiration

Answer 6

Is the movement of water through a plant from roots to the leaves
The movement of water from roots to leaves is called the transpiration steam

Question 7

Stomata

Answer 7

Guard cells take in water by osmosis, they swell and this causes the stoma to open

When guard cells lose water, they become flaccid and the stoma closes

Question 8

Translocation

Answer 8

Is the transport of sucrose around the plant.

Question 9

Step by step process TRANSPIRATION

Answer 9

1. ) water enters the roots by osmosis
2. ) water goes up the stem through the xylem from the roots
3. ) water is drawn out of the leaf cells and the xylem
4. ) water vapour evaporates from leaves mainly through the stomata.

Question 10

Stomata is found… (SIMPLE)

Answer 10

Found mainly on the lower surface of the leaf.

Question 11

Translocation

Answer 11

Is the transport of sucrose around the plant

Question 12

Translocation step by step

Answer 12

1. ) sucrose is produced in leaves from glucose formed during photosynthesis
2. ) dissolved sucrose is carried around the plant by the phloem
3. ) dissolved sugars converted to starch and stored in storage organs so they can be used later w.g potato.

Question 13

The structure of a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis and gas exchange.

Name some leaf structure adaptations

Answer 13

• epidermis cells are transparent to let light pass through
• waxy cuticle is transparent to let light through
• flattened shape of leaf gives large surface area
• stomata pores allow carbon dioxide from air into leaf and allow oxygen from photosynthesis to leave leaf

Question 14

Name factors that affect transpiration:

Answer 14

Light intensity - causes the stomata to open.this increases the rate of evaporation of water from the leaf. So more water is taken up to replace it.
Air movement - wind blows moist air away from the stomata, making the diffusion gradient high. The more air movement the higher the rate of transpiration.

Question 15

TEMPERATURE affects the transpiration rate
The higher the transpiration, the more energy water molecules have, so they move faster which means a faster rate of transpiration

Answer 15

REMEMBER
Light intensity
Air movement
Temperature

Question 16

You can measure the rate of transpiration using a .. ..

Answer 16

Potometer
Note position of the air bubble on the ruler start
Note position of air bubble after a known number of minutes
Divide the distance moves by the bubble by the time taken

Question 17

Limiting factors

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide is a limiting factor because it increases the rate of respiration
Temperature increases kinetic energy of molecules and increases the rate of enzyme activity making photosynthesis faster
If temperature is too high, enzymes denature.

Question 18

Phloem

Answer 18

-Contain sieve tube elements which have very little cytoplasm so that there is a lot of space to transport sucrose
Companion cells have lots of mitochondria. These supply energy from respiration to active transport of sucrose into and out of the sieve tubes
-Sucrose is translocated around the plant in the phloem sieve tubes.

Question 19

Xylem

Answer 19

Dead cells which have no cytoplasm or cell contents
Loads of space for water to travel through with mineral ions
Holes called pits in walls to allow water in and out
Walls strengthened with lignin rings, which makes them very strong and prevents it from collapsing

Question 20

Transpiration

Answer 20

Is the movement of water through a plant from roots to the leaves
The movement of water from roots to leaves is called the transpiration steam

Question 21

Stomata

Answer 21

Guard cells take in water by osmosis, they swell and this causes the stoma to open

When guard cells lose water, they become flaccid and the stoma closes

Question 22

Translocation

Answer 22

Is the transport of sucrose around the plant.

Question 23

Step by step process TRANSPIRATION

Answer 23

1. ) water enters the roots by osmosis
2. ) water goes up the stem through the xylem from the roots
3. ) water is drawn out of the leaf cells and the xylem
4. ) water vapour evaporates from leaves mainly through the stomata.

Question 24

Stomata is found… (SIMPLE)

Answer 24

Found mainly on the lower surface of the leaf.

Question 25

Translocation

Answer 25

Is the transport of sucrose around the plant

Question 26

Translocation step by step

Answer 26

1. ) sucrose is produced in leaves from glucose formed during photosynthesis
2. ) dissolved sucrose is carried around the plant by the phloem
3. ) dissolved sugars converted to starch and stored in storage organs so they can be used later w.g potato.

Question 27

The structure of a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis and gas exchange.

Name some leaf structure adaptations

Answer 27

• epidermis cells are transparent to let light pass through
• waxy cuticle is transparent to let light through
• flattened shape of leaf gives large surface area
• stomata pores allow carbon dioxide from air into leaf and allow oxygen from photosynthesis to leave leaf

Question 28

Name factors that affect transpiration:

Answer 28

Light intensity - causes the stomata to open.this increases the rate of evaporation of water from the leaf. So more water is taken up to replace it.
Air movement - wind blows moist air away from the stomata, making the diffusion gradient high. The more air movement the higher the rate of transpiration.

Question 29

TEMPERATURE affects the transpiration rate
The higher the temperature , the more energy water molecules have, so they move faster which means a faster rate of transpiration

Answer 29

REMEMBER
Light intensity
Air movement
Temperature

Question 30

You can measure the rate of transpiration using a .. ..

Answer 30

Potometer
Note position of the air bubble on the ruler start
Note position of air bubble after a known number of minutes
Divide the distance moves by the bubble by the time taken

Question 31

Tropisms

Answer 31

A plants response to a stimulus( a change in the environment) by growing.
Positive tropism is when a plant grows towards the stimulus

Question 32

What is phototropism?

What is geotropism?/ gravitropism

Answer 32

Plant shoots grow towards the light

Plant roots show positive geotropism because they grow downwards - towards the pull of gravity

Question 33

Auxins are

Answer 33

A hormone
Produced in cells near the top of the shoot
Auxins move to shaded part of the shoot from light
Auxins cause elongation of plant towards the light