Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose

Question 1

What are the two molecules that starch consists off

Answer 1

Amylose and amylopectin

Question 2

How do you make the polysaccharide amylose

Answer 2

By joining together a large number of alpha glucose molecules

Question 3

How are the alpha glucose molecules joined together (bond + reaction)

Answer 3

1,4 glycosidic bond, condensation reaction

Question 4

What is starch a store off

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

How does the cell get glucose from starch

Answer 5

Use water to break the glycosidic bonds (hydrolysis reaction)

Question 6

What shape do amylose form

Answer 6

Helix

Question 7

How is the shape of amylose held

Answer 7

Hydrogen bonds between glucose molecules

Question 8

Why is the shape of amylose important

Answer 8

Helps to make starch a very compact molecule

Question 9

Why is it important that starch is insoluble

Answer 9

Doesn’t effect water potential, so water is not drawn into the cell by osmosis

Question 10

Difference between amylose and amylopectin

Answer 10

Amylose are unbranched and amylopectin is branched

Question 11

Why is it important that starch is compact

Answer 11

Store a lot of glucose molecules for its size

Question 12

Importance of starch being too large

Answer 12

Cannot diffuse out of the cell

Question 13

Importance of the amylopectin having many ends (branched)

Answer 13

Enzymes can break down the starch rapidly

Question 14

Where are stores of glycogen found

Answer 14

In the liver and muscle cells

Question 15

How are the glucose molecules at the branches joined

Answer 15

1,6 glycosidic bond

Question 16

Difference between amylopectin and glycogen

Answer 16

Glycogen has more branches

Question 17

Why is it good that glycogen has many free ends (branched)

Answer 17

Enzymes can break down glycogen into glucose rapidly

Question 18

Why is it important that glycogen can be turned into glucose rapidly

Answer 18

So that animals are able to respire rapidly

Question 19

Difference between starch and glycogen

Answer 19

Starch is in plant cells and glycogen is in animal cells

Question 20

Where is cellulose found

Answer 20

Inside the cell wall of a plant cell

Question 21

How is cellulose made

Answer 21

Its a ploymer of beta glucose

Question 22

What has to happen to the beta glucose to form cellulose

Answer 22

Every second beta glucose is flipped

Question 23

Is cellulose branched or unbranched

Answer 23

Unbranched

Question 24

As cellulose is in a straight chain and is able to come closer together, how is this important

Answer 24

Hydrogen bonds are able to be formed between neighbouring chains and makes cellulose very strong

Question 25

Whats it called when cellulose cells group together

Answer 25

Microfibrils

Question 26

Whats it called when microfibrils group together

Answer 26

Macrofibrils

Question 27

Whats it called when macrofibrils group together

Answer 27

Cellulose fibre

Question 28

What do the cellulose fibres form

Answer 28

Cell wall

Question 29

Why is it important that the cell wall is strong

Answer 29

Prevents the cell from bursting

Question 30

Whats it called when a plant cell is full of water

Answer 30

Turgid