Carbohydrates Flashcards
Formular for glucose
C(6)H(12)O(6)
What elements do carbohydrates consist of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Name the three monosacchardies
glucose, galactose and fructose
Why are monosacchardies soluble in water
Large number of OH groups, hydroxyl (from the hydrogen bonds with water molecules)
What is meant by hydrophilic
Water loving (so can dissolve in water)
What is a monosaccharide called when it contains 6 carbon atoms
hexose sugar
What is a monosacchardie called when it contains 5 carbon atoms
Pentose sugar
Example of a pentose sugar
Ribose
Draw an alpha + beta glucose
alpha h>h oh>oh and beta h>oh oh>h
How are disaccharides formed
2 sugar molecules (monosaccharides) joined up by a glycosidic bond
What kind of reaction is a monosaccharide to a disccharide
condensation
What is meant by condensation
A molecule of water is removed
What bond is between a disaccharide
Glycosidic bond
How do you break a glycosidic bond
Adding water (hydrolysis)
What is a hydrolysis reaction
Addition of water
What kind of reaction is a disaccharide to a monosaccharie
Hydrolysis
Name 3 disaccardies and their formation
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Lactose= glucose + galactose
Definition of a reducing sugar
Can donate an electron to another molecule
Examples of reducing sugars (3)
all monosacchardies ,maltose and lactose
Example of non-reducing sugars (1)
Sucrose
What alkaline solution do you use to test for reducing sugars
Benedicts solution
Findings from the reducing sugar practical
If it stays blue then no reducing sugar present
However if a reducing sugar is present the solution will go a brick-red colour
Blue-Green-Yellow-Orange-Brick Red
When testing for non-reducing sugars what acid do you add
Dilute hydrochloric acid
What is a polysaccharies
Multiple monosccharies joined together
