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Microbiology-1 > Staphylococcus aureus > Flashcards

Staphylococcus aureus Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of patients?

A

Normal Patient

Patient with compromising or predisposing factors

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2
Q

Patients with compromising or predisposing factors are due to these 5 things?

A

Surgery or trauma

Immunoincompetence or immunosuppression

Diabetic

Alcoholism or drug use

Pregnancy

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3
Q

What are the two modes of infection acquisition? (two ways you acquire infectious disease)

A

Community acquired

Hospital acquired

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4
Q

What are the three geographic distribution and/or “work” environments?
(places to acquire infections?)

A

Insect vectors/ climate

Farm & ranch

Construction Work

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5
Q

Is Staphylococcus aureus gram + or gram -?

A

Gram +

Cocci in clusters

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6
Q

What causes about 90% of invasive tissue infections?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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7
Q

True/ False

Staphylococcus aureus pyogenic

A

True

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8
Q

What is folliculitis?

What microbe causes this?

A

Infection of the hair follicle

Staphylococcus aureus

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9
Q

What is a furnuncle? What microbe causes this?

A

Deep seated infections (subcutaneous tissue involved) in and around the hair follicle.

Staphylococcus aureus

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10
Q

What is cellulitis? What microbe causes this?

A

Similar to folliculitis/boils in skin or tissues but spreads beneath the skin.
Staphylococcus aureus

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11
Q

What is impetigo? What microbe causes this?

A

Superficial skin infection characterized by small “blisters”/pustules followed by a thin crust over the area

Staphylococcus aureus

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12
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is the etiologic agent of?

A 
Invasive tissue infections 
Food poisoning 
Toxic Shock Syndrome 
Scalded Skin Syndrome
Septicemia/bacteremia
Bone and joint infections 
Pneumonia/Lower Respiratory & Lung Abscess infections
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13
Q

Staphylococcus aureus can cause this especially after surgery or trauma often due to external contamination?

A

Wound and internal tissue infections (abscess)

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14
Q

Staphylococcus aureus can cause this due to numerous invasive enzymes and toxins.

A

Tissue damage. Some invasive infections can be very severe.

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15
Q

Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning is due to ingestion of this?

A

pre-formed heat-stable enterotoxin. Its an enterotoxin that affects the intestinal tract (types A,B,C, etc SEB).

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16
Q

What are the commonly affected foods of Staphylococcus aureus that causes food poisoning?

A

Cooked or processed meat (especially ham), salads, and cream filled desserts.

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17
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal cramps
Watery diarrhea

18
Q

Food poisoning symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus start within how many hours and last to about how many hours?

A

Starts within 1-6 hours and lasts from a few hours to about 24 hours.

19
Q

True or False

Staphylococcus aureus growth on food produces no change in flavor or odor.

A

True

20
Q

Food Poisoning:

What are the conditions Staphylococcus aureus (certain strains) will produce enterotoxin?

A

When growing at 28C or higher for 2 to 4 hours.

21
Q

Certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus produce Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxins (TSST). The TSST toxin probably causes?

A

Massive and unregulated stimulation of the immune system.

22
Q

TSST produces what symptoms?

A 
Acute illness with:
High fever
Diffuse rash 
Hypotension 
Skin desquamation
23
Q

What is TSST infection normally associated with?

A

Use of highly absorbent tampons (about 75% of cases) or with focal or surgical wound infections in men or non-menstruating women.

24
Q

In TSST, how does the tampon cause infection?

A

Absorption of fluids causes change of microbial growth environment resulting in change or host-microbe dynamics.

25
Q

True or False

TSST test for toxins is usually performed in routine microbiology labs.

A

False

26
Q

What does Scalded Skin Syndrome cause in children under 5?

A

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)

27
Q

Strains of scalded skin syndrome produce what kind of toxins? and they are destructive to?

A

Exfoliatin Toxins

Destructive to epithelial cells

28
Q

What are the symptoms of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in children under 5?

A

Initially a localized red rash, often following conjunctivitis or upper respiratory tract infection.

Followed by large flaccid bullae.

29
Q

The bullae of scalded skin syndrome do what?

A

Rupture and sheets of epidermis peel off to reveal moist, red, “scalded” dermis.

30
Q

True or False

Bacteria are recovered from the bullae and not from the initial infection.

A

False

31
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Bloodstream infection resulting from deep, poorly draining infections which invade the bloodstream and spread to numerous body sites.

A

Septicemia/

Bacteremia

32
Q

Is septicemia/bactermia life-threatening?

A

Yes, unless rapidly treated with effective antimicrobics.

33
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

These infections are common following device implantation or trauma.

A

Bone and joint infections (osteomyelitis & septic arthritis)

34
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

This can happen following viral respiratory infections or in patients with altered host defenses.

A

Pneumonia/ Lower Respiratory & Lung Abscess infections (about less than 2% of all pneumonia)

35
Q

What are the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus

A

Several toxins & invasive enzymes, including coagulase, fibrinolysis, lipase and a variety of proteases
Adhesive Matrix Molecules
Quorum-sensing regulators
Super antigens (toxins)-enhance effects of toxins
Pathogenicity of various strains is largely due to genes carried on plasmids and lysogenized viral genes.
Resistant to multiple antimicrobics

36
Q

What antimicrobics are Staphylococcus aureus resistant to?

A

Beta-lactams (85%)
Vancomycin (developing- VISA, VRSA)
And probably others

37
Q

Why are most strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to Beta-lactams?

A

Due to beta-lactamase enzymes coded by genes carried on plasmids.

38
Q

What are Multiply Drug Resistant (MDR)?

A

Strains (of Staphylococcus aureus?) that are resistant to an exceptionally large number of antimicrobic types. - very serious infections.

39
Q

What is an example of the drug combo for MRSA?

A

Vancomycin, linezolid, & tigecycline

40
Q

What are some of the laboratory work done for a laboratory diagnosis?

A

Culture and biochemical identification- coagulase positive
Antigenic identification/confirmation of the lab culture.
Antimicrobic susceptibility test needed (Beta-lactamase, MRSA, MDR)

Microbiology-1 (5 decks)

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