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[7] Gram-positive and Gram-negative Cocci > Staphylococcaceae > Flashcards

Staphylococcaceae Flashcards

1
Q

Staining Reaction and Shape

A

Gram-positive cocci

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2
Q

Motility

A

Non-motile

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3
Q

Spore

A

Non-spore formers

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4
Q

capsule

A

o encapsulated

o Non-capsulated

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5
Q

O2 requirement

A

Aerobes/facultative aerobes

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6
Q

NOTABLE BIOCHEMICAL TESTS

A

CATALASE TEST

NITRATE REDUCTION TEST

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7
Q

TRANSMISSION

A

Direct contact transmission

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8
Q

HABITAT

A

Normal colonizers of humans:
o Nasal passages
o Skin
 Perianal area

Normal flora; Pathogenic species to man

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9
Q

Attachment to host

A

MICROCAPSULE

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10
Q

 Inhibits opsonization

 Binds with Fc of IgC

A

PROTEIN A

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11
Q

Breakdown of toxic oxygen derivatives

A

CATALASE

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12
Q

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Molecular mimicry

A

COAGULASE

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13
Q

Forms of COAGULASE

A

BOUND COAGULASE

FREE COAGULASE

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14
Q

Liquefies purulent materials

Destroys DNA

A

DNASE

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15
Q

destruction of DNA by DNAse

A

Decreases viscosity of environment

Facilitates dissemination

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16
Q

 Clumping factor

 Directly converts fibrinogen to fibrin

A

BOUND COAGULASE

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17
Q

FREE COAGULASE Reacts with globulin plasma factor to form

A

staphylothrombin

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18
Q

 Neutralizes hyaluronic acid
 Spreading factor
 Facilitate deep infection

A

HYALURONIDASE

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19
Q

 Digests lipids

 Allows bacteria to colonize skin

A

LIPASE

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20
Q

 Acts as fibrinolysin

 Allows bacterial dissemination

A

STAPHYLOKINASE

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21
Q

 Cleaves beta-lactam double ring
 Plasmid-controlled
 mecA gene

A

BETA-LACTAMASE

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22
Q

 Digests lipids

 Allows bacteria to colonize skin

A

LIPASE

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23
Q

 Acts as fibrinolysin

 Allows bacterial dissemination

A

STAPHYLOKINASE

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24
Q

 Cleaves beta-lactam double ring
 Plasmid-controlled
 mecA gene

A

BETA-LACTAMASE

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25
Q

 Destroy WBCs

 Panton Valentine Leukocidin

A

LEUKOCIDINS

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26
Q

o Pore-forming toxin

o Important CA-MRSA

A

 Panton Valentine Leukocidin

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27
Q

Lyses RBCS

A

ALPHA – HEMOLYSIN

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28
Q

ALPHA – HEMOLYSIN includes

A

 Monocytes
 Macrophages
 Lymphocytes

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29
Q

Dermenocretic

A

ALPHA – HEMOLYSIN

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30
Q

o Protein exotoxin

A

BETA – HEMOLYSIN

SPHINGOMYELINASE

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31
Q

o Specific on sphingomyelin

A

BETA – HEMOLYSIN

SPHINGOMYELINASE

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32
Q

o Membrane disruption

A

BETA – HEMOLYSIN

SPHINGOMYELINASE

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33
Q

o Cytotoxic to monocytes

A

BETA – HEMOLYSIN

SPHINGOMYELINASE

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34
Q

o “Hot-cold” hemolysin

A

BETA – HEMOLYSIN

SPHINGOMYELINASE

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35
Q

o Surfactant/detergent like
o Membrane disruption
o Pore-forming toxin

A

GAMMA – HEMOLYSIN

36
Q

Epidermolytic toxin

A

EXFOLIATIN

37
Q

EXFOLIATIN targets

A

desmoglein

38
Q

Adhesion glycoprotein withing desmosomes in the epidermis

A

desmoglein

39
Q

Dissolves the

mucopolysaccharide matrix of the stratum granulosum

A

desmoglein

40
Q

Responsible for SSSS

A

desmoglein

41
Q

TSST – 1

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

42
Q

Enterotoxin F

43
Q

Superantigen

44
Q

Causes hypertension

45
Q

Characteristics of STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN

A

Pyrogenicity

Superantigenicity

46
Q

Stimulate T-cell proliferation
Release of cytokines
Overwhelming inflammatory response
Shock

A

Superantigenicity

47
Q

o Heat-stable
o Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
o “Food intoxication”

A

ENTEROTOXINS: A, B, C, D, E, H, I

48
Q

 Chronic inflammation
 Apocrine glands
 Furuncle-like lesions

A

HINDRADINITIS SUPPERATIVA

49
Q

 impetigo neonatorum
 Highly contagious
 Pus-filled vesicles

50
Q

 a common skin condition in which hair follicles become inflamed

A

FOLLICULITIS

51
Q

 Deep-seated infection of:
o Hair follicle
o Subcutaneous tissue

52
Q

Boils, sty

53
Q

 Multiple interconnected abscess
 Subcutaneous tissues
 Several adjacent hair follicles

54
Q

infection of paranasal sinuses

55
Q

 Formation of lung abscess
 Follows other infection
 Via direct extension or hematogenous spread

56
Q

 Septic arthritis

 Joint inflammation

57
Q

 Renal carbuncle

 Lower UTI

A

GENITO-URINARY TRACT INFECTION

58
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

PERICARDITIS

59
Q

an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

A

MENINGITIS

60
Q

related to muscle, forming pus

A

PYOMYOSITIS

61
Q

presence of viable bacteria in the circulating blood

A

BACTEREMIA

62
Q

the clinical name for blood poisoning by bacteria

A

SEPTICEMIA

63
Q

 Enterotoxin-contaminated food
 Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
 Begins 2-6 hours after ingestion
 Self-limiting 8-10 hours

A

STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING

64
Q

 Exfoliatin

 Bullous lesions resembling impetigo

A

STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCLADED SKIN SYNDROME

65
Q

 Systemic absorption=larger area

o Sloughing of superficial skin

A

STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCLADED SKIN SYNDROME

66
Q

 Numerous blisters

 Rupture of blisters exposes the dermis

A

STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCLADED SKIN SYNDROME

67
Q

 Hypersensitivity reaction
 Linked to infections
 Similar to SSSS

A

STAPHYLOCOCCAL TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS

68
Q

 TSST-1
 Febrile illness
 Hypotension
 Rashes with desquamation

A

TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME

69
Q

vaccine

70
Q

Intranasal carriers

A

 Muporicin

 Rifampin

71
Q

Umbilical cord stump

A

 Gentian Violet
 Acriflavine
 Bacitracin

72
Q

Infants/Neonates

A

 3% hexachlorophene

73
Q

PENICILLINASE-RESISTANT PENICILLINS

A

 Nafcillin
 Oxacillin
 Methicillin

74
Q

 FOR MRSA

 If resistant to penicillin derivatives

A

VANCOMYCIN

75
Q

 VISA & VRSA

 If resistant to vancomyocin

A

STREPTOGRAMINS & OXAZOLIDINONES

76
Q

 Coagulase negative

 Normal Flora of the SKIN

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

77
Q

 Catheters

 Prosthetic heart valves

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

78
Q

Attachment to smooth surfaces

Catheters and Prosthetics

A

SLIME LAYER

79
Q

Hydrolysis of urea to form ammonia

Changes acidic urine pH

80
Q

Urethritis, Cystitis, Contaminated catheter

A

URINARY TRACT INFECTION

81
Q

Due to contaminated prosthetics

Colonizes the endocardium

A

ENDOCARDITIS

82
Q

PREVENTION AND CONTROL
 Aseptic handling of foreign devices
 Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

83
Q

PREVENTION AND CONTROL
 Proper genitourinary hygiene
o Proper usage of tampons
o Proper chaninging intervals

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

84
Q

 Animal pathogen

 Zoonosis

A

S. intermedius

85
Q

 Nosocomial and community associated
 Endocarditis, septicemia, meningitidis
 Skin and soft tissue infections

A

S. lugdunensis

[7] Gram-positive and Gram-negative Cocci (2 decks)

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