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FINALS > stanginas > Flashcards

stanginas Flashcards

1
Q

is a living cell or organism whose genetic material has been altered or modified making them capable of producing new substances or perform new functions.

A

GMO

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2
Q

handles the development and improvement of plants and crops, other than rice

A

Institute of Plant Breeding

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3
Q

involves inserting a new copy of a gene into the target cells to produce more of a protein. Most often, a modified virus such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) is used to carry the gene into the cells.

A

Gene addition

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4
Q

collect and transform solar energy into high-temperature thermal energy that can be used directly or converted to electricity.

A

Solar thermal systems

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5
Q

the shift of population from the
rural to urban areas and the transformation
of towns and cities into larger area due to the
gradual increase of people living and working
there.

A

urbanization

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6
Q

are plants or animals created by means of recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering. They contain genetic material or DNA from other organisms like other plants, animals, viruses, bacteria or fungi.

A

Transgenic organisms

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7
Q

has antibacterial effects that can be applied to air and water treatment, anti-fogging, and self-cleaning.

A

nanoscale titanium dioxide photocatalysts

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8
Q
  • these goals served as a roadmap that guided the
    development plans of all the participating countries of the United
    Nations
  • to address poverty, hunger, disease, gender
    discrimination, illiteracy, and environmental degradation
A

Millennium Development Goals (MDG)

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9
Q
  • “is a process of change in which the
    exploitation of resources, the direction of
    investments, the orientation of technological
    development and institutional change are all in harmony and enhance both current and future
    potential to meet human needs and aspirations
A

Sustainable development

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10
Q

exploitation degrades the quality and quantity of the natural resources

A

Scarcity of Resources

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11
Q

■ a group of emerging technologies in which
the structure of matter is controlled at the
nanoscale to produce novel materials and
devices that have useful and unique
properties (US Foresight Institute)

■ atomically precise technology (APT)

A

Nanotechnology

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12
Q

researches on and develops programs to achieves sustainability to create better food and feed products, as well as medical drugs.

A

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

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13
Q

the place where different species alive?

A

habitat

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14
Q

Friendster in?

A

2002

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15
Q

a product of nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells

A

Dolly, the sheep

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16
Q

issued Administrative Order No. 2013-0012

A

Enrique T. Ona

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17
Q

uses direct sunlight and lenses or curved mirrors to focus radiation onto highly efficient
solar cells.

A

Concentration system

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18
Q

in 2016, roughly 15% to 20% of the world’s total
energy consumption comes from renewable sources. Since
1990, there has been an annual growth rate of 2.2% in energy
consumption from renewable resources. In the global electricity
production, renewable energy sources are the second largest
source next to coal.

A

International energy agency

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19
Q

is a process wherein
the GHGs act like a blanket, making Earth
warmer than it would be

A

greenhouse effect

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20
Q

starts with individual atom and build upwards to make nanostructure

A

Bottom-up approach

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21
Q

what year did Tokyo Science University Professor Norio Taniguchi coins the term “nanotechnology.”

A

1974

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22
Q

are multipotent blood stem cells that give rise to all types of blood cells.

A

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

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23
Q

he cancel all the existing TLA in the Phil annd cease reception, accepttance, renewal, processing, or appraisal of new TLA’S.

A

SEC. FULGENCIO FACTORAN JR.

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24
Q

collects the Sun’s energy
and pumps water to the receiver where the thermal energy heats
the water to form steam. T

A

solar thermal plant

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25
Q

refers to the variation in the ecosystems in the region

A

ecosystem diversity

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26
Q

cause environmental degradation that result in the death of millions of people. (Sharma et al., 2013).

A

Air and water pollution

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27
Q

how many islands are there in the Phil?

A

7, 641

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28
Q

involves adding one or more genes to cells of a specific type to change the characteristics of those cells. This technique is particularly powerful in tissues where multiple cell types exist and the disease is caused by dysfunction in one type of cells.

A

Reprogramming

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29
Q

3 levels of biodiversity

A

genetic diversity
species diversity
ecosystem diversity

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30
Q

are found in these areas along with unipolar stem cells that only differentiate into one type of cell.

A

Multipotent epithelial stem cells

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31
Q

these are mostly made up of carbon in the form of hollow spheres, ellipsoids, or tubes

A

carbon-based materials

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32
Q

recognizes the negative effects of green house gases (GHG) on
the
Earth’s climate and human condition

A

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCC)

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33
Q

is a bacterium which produces a toxin that affects only certain insects but not other organisms. Since 1995, the US government has approved the sale and use of Bt plants.

A

Bt

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34
Q

The most prolific of these platforms is Facebook, with ________
monthly active users using the site in 2017 (Statista, n.d.)

A

2.072 billion

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35
Q

Aside from insulin for diabetes, several medically useful proteins like _________, and synthetic vaccines against malaria, rabies, and hepatitis B have been developed.

A

interferon

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36
Q

The vibrant colors of stained glass in the windows of Europe’s medieval cathedrals are due to metallic nanoparticles.

A

9th-17th Century

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37
Q

is a transparent panel containing semiconductive material with a thickness ranging from less than that of human hair to a sheet
of paper.

A

solar cell/Photovoltaic cells

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38
Q

types of nanomaterials

A

carbon-based
metal-based
dendrimers
nanocomposites

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39
Q

It made a very historic impact on the society because it was able to print hundreds of book copies at a fast rate. This is beneficial as information was able to spread at a significantly cheaper and faster rate so more people would be able to access the information and learn from it.

A

Gutenberg printing press

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40
Q

A movement bringing
millions across the world to call for greater action on
climate change

A

earth hour

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41
Q

are composite materials made up of nanoparticles put together molecule by molecule

A

nanocomposites

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42
Q

describes the variety in the number of genetic types as well as the chromosomes present in different species in a given region

A

genetic diversity

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43
Q

It is forecasted that by ______ the amount of Facebook users
would be around _____. With more than 2 billion monthly
active users, Facebook is the most popular social network
worldwide

A

2025
88.1 million.

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44
Q

In the Philippines, researches on transgenic plants are regulated by the_______ Their strict guidelines ensure the safety of the public and the environment before granting permission for researches in this field.

A

National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines (NCBP).

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45
Q

are multipotent cells present in multiple tissues including umbilical cord, bone marrow, and fat tissue. MSCs give rise to bone, cartilage, muscle, and adipocytes (fat cells) which promotes marrow adipose tissue.

A

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)

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46
Q

light + tiO2 (photocatalysis) applications

A

anti-microbial
anti-fogging
air-cleaning
water treatment
self-cleaning

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47
Q

predicted that the planet loses approximately 27, 000 species per year.

A

edward o. wilson

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48
Q

prevents the production of a specific protein by targeting messenger RNA (mRNA; an intermediate required for protein expression from a gene) for degradation so that no protein is produced.

A

Gene silencing

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49
Q
  • recognizes that developed countries are principally responsible for
    the high levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more
    than 150 years of industrial activity
A

Kyoto Protocol

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50
Q
  • a long-term heating of Earth’s climate system observed since the
    pre-industrial period (between 1850
    and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which
    increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere
A

Global warming

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51
Q

are those that form the surfaces and linings of the body including the epidermis and the lining of the gastro-intestinal tract.

A

Epithelial stem cells

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52
Q

When the pressure exceeds the carrying capacity of the
environment to repair or replace itself, it creates a serious problem
of environmental degradation, bringing the possibility of losing that
resource forever.
Therefore, there is a need for _____

A

environmental awareness.

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53
Q

Examples of these plants are transgenic cotton, potato and corn which contain the endotoxin gene from ______

A

Bacilus thuringiensis (Bt).

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54
Q

cylindrical ones are called ____

A

nanotubes

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55
Q

these nanomaterials include quantum dots, nanogold, nanosilver, and metal oxides such as titanium dioxides.

A

metal-based materials

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56
Q

is the introduction, removal or change in genetic material in the cells of a patient to treat an inherited or developed disease.

A

gene theraphy

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57
Q

prohibits and restricts the creation, importation,
promotion, marketing and use of stem cell
therapies from embryonic, aborted fetal, and
genetically altered, animal and plant stem cells.

A

Administrative Order No. 2013-0012

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58
Q

she stated that the number of social media users will increase to a total of 2.9 billion.

A

Statista

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59
Q

starts with large material and bring it down to the nanoscale

A

Top-down approach

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60
Q

Found at the ground level up to 15 km of the troposphere which is
an important greenhouse gas and air pollutant, a major component
of urban smog.

A

Tropospheric ozone O3

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61
Q

production of invert sugar for sweets

A

invertase enzyme/Aspergillus oryzae

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62
Q

An example of this approach is _____. A patient’s T cells, which are a kind of
immune cell, are changed in a lab by using a
vector to add a gene that changes cells in a
way that enables them to recognize and attack
cancer cells.

A

CAR-T cell therapy

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63
Q

two important microscopes were invented to study nanomaterials further

A

scanning tunneling microscopes (1981)
atomic force microscopes (1986)

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64
Q

defines as a biological community that inclused all living things interacting in a certain area with non-living things

A

ecosystem

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65
Q

thee goal of _____ is to produce a protein that functions in a normal manner instead of in a way that contributes to disease.

A

gene correction

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66
Q

two categories of solar cell devices:

A

concentration system
flat plate

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67
Q

Adult neural stem cells are present in small number in defined regions of the mammalian brain. These multipotent cells replenish neurons and supporting cells of the brain.

A

Neural stem cells (NSCs).

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68
Q

attached to the Department of Agriculture (DA) and develops methods and technology to improve crop yields, making agricultural processes more efficient and cost-effective

A

Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)

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69
Q

aims to reduce air pollution by incorporating environmental
protection into developmental plans.

  • seeks to uphold the right of every Filipino to breathe clean air by addressing air pollution from mobile
    and stationary sources.
A

Republic Act 8749
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

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70
Q

Two technological Approaches to Nanotechnology

A

Top-down approach
Bottom-up approach

71
Q

develops varieties of rice and works environmental sustainabilty in rice farming.

A

IRRI - INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE

72
Q

which is also attached to the DA and aims to conserve the country’s carabao population.

A

Philippine Carabao Center

73
Q

global or regional change in a
climatic patterns brought by the increase in
the atmospheric carbon dioxide produced
by fossil fuels and other human activities

A

climate change

74
Q

he utilizes the molecular nanotechnology concepts at MIT in 1986.

A

Eric Dexler

75
Q

These are pluripotent stem cells derived from embryos. Generally, the embryos used to isolate stem cells are unused embryos generated from in vitro fertilization (IVF) for assisted reproduction.

A

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs).

76
Q

is an international agreement that seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential risks posed by genetically modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology. The Protocol entered into force on September 11, 2003 with 171 signatories including the Philippines.

A

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity

77
Q

The most common type of cell therapy is ______, which is the transfusion of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from a donor.

A

blood transfusion

78
Q

A differentiated adult (somatic) cell, such as a skin cell is reprogrammed to return to a pluripotent state. These cells offer the advantage of pluripotency but without the ethical concerns of embryonic stem cells.

A

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

79
Q

as a damaging alteration
that upsets environmental processes. Compared to natural calamities such as earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions, environmental degradation is linked to man-made disturbances on Earth’s natural processes.

A

Environmental degradation

80
Q

consists of a huge array of computer-controlled mirrors called heliostats that track the Sun and focus sunlight on a central
collection tower.

A

central receiver system/ central power tower

81
Q

the halo spheres and ellipsoids are referred to as _____

A

fullereness

82
Q

the world richest habitat?

A

Tropical rainforest

83
Q

are the nanosized polymers built from branched units

A

dendrimers

84
Q

acoording to him that there are about 2.55 billion
active social media users worldwide.

A

Kemp

85
Q

are composed of semiconductor crystals with hundreds of atoms that can be manipulated to change optical properties.

A

quantum dots

86
Q

he gives what is considered to be the first lecture on technology and engineering at the atomic scale, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom.”

A

Richard Feynman

87
Q

aims to protect the
environment by regulating the extraction of mineral resources by mining companies while expanding foreign investments
and increasing mining output.

A

Republic Act 7942
Philippine Mining Act of 1995

88
Q

-national and international efforts to conserve biodiversity
- focuses on how ecosystem contributes to health and well-being.

A

Aichi Biodiversity Targets

89
Q

can be achieved by modifying part of a gene using recently-developed gene editing technology (e.g. CRISPR/cas9, TALEN or ZFN) to remove repeated or faulty elements of a gene, or to replace a damaged or dysfunctional region of DNA.

A

Gene correction

90
Q

was originally obtained from pancreas of slaughtered animals.

A

insulin

91
Q

the long-term regional
or even global average of
temperature, humidity
and rainfall patterns over
seasons, years or
decades.

A

Climate

92
Q

can be eliminated via the introduction of “suicide genes,” which enter the tumor cells and release a pro-drug that induces cell death in those cells.

A

Tumor cells

93
Q

is provided by processes that replenish themselves or are continuously present as a feature of the solar system

A

renewable energy

94
Q

are typically used to destroy malignant (cancerous) tumor cells, but can also be used to target overgrowth of benign (non-cancerous) tumor cells.

A

Cell elimination

95
Q

is one of the more advanced scientific techniques in biotechnology. It refers to all techniques that artificially move genes from one organism to another, often from one species to another, to produce new or novel organisms.

A

genetic engineering

96
Q

the primaryy causes of environmental degradation is the increase of ______

A

human population

97
Q

developed means and technologies that make human life more convenient

A

industrialization

98
Q

variability among living organisms

A

biodiversity

99
Q

Most important in terms of its contribution to the natural greenhouse effect, despite having a short atmospheric
lifetime as well as the most abundant greenhouse gas

A

Water vapor

100
Q

They are among the high profile politicians and celebrities who are reported and have confirmed undergone stem cell therapy.

A

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Juan Ponce Enrile
Joseph Estrada

101
Q

prevents the production of a specific protein by
targeting mRNA for degradation so that no protein is produced.

A

gene silencing

102
Q

Types of Gene Therapy

A

gene theraphy
gene correction
gene silencing
reprogramming
cell elimination

103
Q

These pluripotent cells are produced by transferring the nucleus from an adult cell obtained from the patient to an oocyte (egg cell) obtained from a donor.

A

Nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (ntESCs).

104
Q

genetic engineering is also known as ________.

A

recombinant DNA technology

105
Q

produced through natural and human activities, mainly
through agricultural activities and natural biological processes.
Fuel burning and some other processes also create N2O.

A

nitrous oxide

106
Q

Integration of environmental
education in its school curricula at all levels, no
matter what form of education you can think of

A

Environmental Awareness Education Act of
2008

107
Q

A GMO is also referred to as _______

A

transgenic.

108
Q

atmospheric conditions
that occur locally over
short periods of time—
from minutes to hours or
days.

A

weather

109
Q

Cells that rapidly reproduce in the body such as immune cells, blood cells or skin cells can usually do so ex vivo given the right conditions.

A

Immune cell therapy

110
Q

use of _____ in the production of insulin

A

Escherichia coli

111
Q

international treaty that focuses on the need to protect the ozone layer

A

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the ozone layer

112
Q

who coins the term NANOTECHNOLOGY

A

Professor Norio Taniguch

113
Q

is an appropriate gene therapy for the treatment of diseases where too much of a protein is produced.

A

Gene silencing

114
Q
  • Facebook in?
A

2005

115
Q

heterogeneity of living species in given region or habitat?

A

Species diversity

116
Q
  • designed to push nations to enact actions that can
    alleviate climate change as well as help developing countries to
    financially do the same
A

Paris Agreement

117
Q

Which of the following represents an object on the scale of nanotechnology?

a. width of a piece of paper
b. width of a hairpin
c. width of a red blood cell
d. width of a DNA molecule

A
118
Q

the introduction of harmful substances in the environment, which is present
almost everywhere in different forms.

A

Pollution

119
Q
  • Myspace in?
A

2004

120
Q

utilize the whole incident solar
radiation,including diffused solar rays.

A

Flat-plate systems

121
Q

2 methods in solar thermal energy

A

Central receiver system
Solar thermal plant

122
Q

focus and concentrate light to cook food and
even pasteurize drinks. This technology is inexpensive and may be used for both small- and large-scale requirements.

A

Solar cookers

123
Q

provides hot water and space heating for residential or commercial buildings.

A

active heating system

124
Q

use little to no mechanical assistance
and utilize the building’s design to manage the temperature.

A

Passive heating and cooling systems

125
Q

includes a solar dessicant system that uses a drying agent to absorb water vapor in building air circulation.

A

active
cooling system

126
Q

is generated from the movement of water from
rivers, streams, and canals. The flow of water can be controlled by dams and reservoirs and released to spin turbines to produce
setricity.

A

Hydroelectricity

127
Q

involves a high dam built across a large river to create a reservoir.

A

large-scale method

128
Q

uses recycled water instead of free-flowing water.

A

pumped-storage method

129
Q

uses energy generated from the ocean’s waves,
tides, and temperature gradients. These are utilized through various
mechanisms.

A

Tidal power

130
Q

uses the temperat ure difference
between the ocean surface and ocean depth of about 100 meters
to generate electricity.

A

OTEC

131
Q

uses a mechanism similar to hydroelectric
power generation based on rising and falling tides.

A

tidal power system

132
Q

are generated as a result of the temperature gradient of the Earth’s surface and between the Earth’s equator and temperate
and polar regions,

A

Winds

133
Q

has been considered the most
efficient source of energy since 1990, as it has high net energy yield and is widely available.

A

Wind power

134
Q

is dependable because
it is cost-effective compared to coal, gas, and nuclear power and does not pollute the environment.

A

Wind energy

135
Q

is also a variable dependent
on topography and vegetation

A

Wind speed

136
Q

is essential to estimate and calculate wind resources.

A

wind data

137
Q

refers to organic material such as plant material
and animal waste that can be burned directly as solid fuel or converted into gaseous or liquid biofuels.

A

Biomass

138
Q

is the heat that originates from the soil,
underground rocks, volcanic rocks, geysers, and hot springs

A

Geothermal energy

139
Q

are seen in the burning of biomass to produce heat and/or electricity.

A

Direct combustion
cogeneration

140
Q

can be produced from biomass by fermenting sugars.

A

Ethanol

141
Q

is the decomposition of biomass through the use of bacteria
under anaerobic conditions.

A

Anaerobic digestion

142
Q

is the biochemical process of converting solid biomass to more useful biofuel.

A

Pyrolysis

143
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

A

solar power
hydropower
wind power
biomass/biofuels,
Geothermal power

144
Q

It aims to achieve energy self-reliance by reducing the country’s dependence on fossil fuels and adopt the use of clean energy to mitigate climate change and promote rural economic development. It also aims to promote the use of renewable energy by providing fiscal and non-fiscal incentives to individuals and
companies.

A

Republic Act 9513 or The Renewable Energy
Act of 2008

145
Q

The four major nonrenewable energy sources are

A

Crude oil (petroleum)
Natural gas
Coal
Uranium (nuclear energy)

146
Q

who was the first to state that the use of fossil fuel could contribute to global warming, way back in 1896

A

Svante Arrhenius

147
Q

is energy from sources that are naturally replenishing but flow-limited. They are virtually inexhaustible in duration but limited in the amount of energy that is available per unit of time.

A

Renewable energy

148
Q

All fossil fuels are ___, but not all nonrenewable energy sources are ___

A

nonrenewable
fossil fuels

149
Q

are all considered fossil fuels because they were formed from the buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.

A

Coal, crude oil, and natural gas

150
Q

a solid, is mined and converted to a fuel used at nuclear power plants.

A

Uranium ore

151
Q

uses the power of water to generate energy, much like with hydroelectric methods, its application actually has more in common with wind turbines in many cases.

A

tidal energy

152
Q

is a completely clean burning fuel. Once produced, hydrogen gas cells emit only water vapor and warm air when in use.

A

hydrogen

153
Q

is plant or animal material used for energy and heat production.

A

Biomass

154
Q

Examples of biomass and their uses for energy:

A

Wood and wood processing wastes—burned to heat buildings, to produce process heat in industry, and to generate electricity

Agricultural crops and waste materials—burned as a fuel or converted to liquid biofuels

Food, yard, and wood waste in garbage—burned to generate electricity in power plants or converted to biogas in landfills

Animal manure and human sewage—converted to biogas, which can be burned as a fuel

155
Q

are alcohol fuels made from the sugars found in grains such as corn, sorghum, barley

A

Biofuels

156
Q

is heat within the earth. This alternative energy source is renewable because heat is continuously produced inside the earth

A

Geothermal energy

157
Q

is a fossil energy source that formed deep beneath the earth’s surface.

A

Natural gas

158
Q

The largest component of natural gas is____ , a compound with one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms

A

methane

159
Q

actually are some of the earliest means of creating energy, though their use began to decline with the rise of fossil fuels.

A

Hydroelectric Energy

160
Q

is energy in the core of an atom. Atoms are the tiny particles in the molecules that make up gases, liquids, and solids.

A

Nuclear Energy

161
Q

is the fuel most widely used by nuclear plants for nuclear fission.

A

Uranium

162
Q

used a solar oven to cook food during an expedition to Africa.

A

John Herschel

163
Q

which convert sunlight into electricity.

A

solar photovoltaic (PV) systems

164
Q

Approved on January 12, 2007: An act to direct the use of biofuels, establishing for this purpose the biofuel program, appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes

A

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9367

165
Q

Approved on December 16, 2008: An Act promoting the development, utilization and commercialization of renewable energy resources and for other purposes

A

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9513

166
Q

Three of the four answers listed below are examples of cell therapy. Select the EXCEPTION.

Nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells
Embryonic stem cells
Hematopoietic stem cells
Reprogramming

A

Reprogramming

167
Q

Three of the four answers listed below are examples of gene therapy. Select the EXCEPTION.

Gene correction
Gene silencing
CAR-T cell therapy
Cell elimination

A

CAR-T cell therapy

168
Q

The prefix “nano” comes from a

10 centimeters
10-9 meter
10-1 meter
100 millimeters

A

10-9 meter

169
Q

Quantum dots are

dendrimers
carbon-based nanomaterials
nanotubes
metal-based nanomaterials

A

metal-based nanomaterials

170
Q

Fullerenes and buckyballs are?

A

carbon-based nanomaterials

171
Q

He is most known for the concept of molecular nanotechnology (MNT). being the driving force behind

A

Drexler

172
Q

A one-atom thick sheet of carbon

A

Graphene

173
Q

Richard Feynman is often credited with predicting the potential of nanotechnology. What was the title of his famous speech given on December 29, 1959?

A

There is plenty of room at the bottom

174
Q

What is the difference between embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent adult stem cells?

A

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells.

FINALS (4 decks)

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