CONTEMP Flashcards
a portion of territory within or surrounded
by a larger territory whose inhabitants are
culturally or ethnically distinct
ENCLAVES
It is the international movement of people into a
destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to
take-up employment as a migrant worker or
temporarily as a foreign worker
IMMIGRATION
It is the act of leaving
one’s resident country
with the intent to settle
elsewhere
EMIGRATION
It is a measure of the number of deaths (in
general, or due to a specific cause) in a
particular population, scaled to the size of
that population, per unit of time.
MORTALITY RATE/DEATH RATE
It is a summation of all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the
capability of interbreeding
POPULATION
It is the movement by people from one place to another with the intentions of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location.
MIGRATION
It is a statistical measure of the average
time an organism is expected to live, based
on the year of their birth, their current age
and other demographic factors including sex.
LIFE EXPECTANCY
It is the state of being mortal, or susceptible
to death; the opposite of immortality
MORTALITY
It is the natural capability to produce
offspring. As a measure, fertility rate
is the number of offspring born per
mating pair, individual
or population
FERTILITY
It is the actual reproductive rate of an
organism or population, measured by the number
of gametes (eggs), seed set, or asexual
propagules.
FECUNDITY
The capacity for producing offspring,
especially in abundance
FECUNDITY
Modern societies reduce their population as a
response to the operating social organizations,
changing conditions which arise from past
performance, the altering socio-economic
environment, and the families’ concern for
prospective standing in the community in
comparison with other families.
KINGSLEY DAVIS’ THEORY OF CHANGE
AND RESPONSE
It posits that industrialized countries solve the
problem of population growth by using demographic measures to maximize new opportunities and avoid
relative loss of status.
KINGSLEY DAVIS’ THEORY OF CHANGE
AND RESPONSE
This principle is based on the recognition that every
society is marked with a set of hierarchic social order in which individuals in the upper hierarchy enjoy greater prestige than those belonging to the lower hierarchy.
ARSENE DUMONT’S SOCIAL
CAPILLARITY THEORY
The desires of people to improve their social status,
wealth and individuality can make them long for less number of children/limit their family size because they consider children as a liability or burden to social mobility.
ARSENE DUMONT’S SOCIAL
CAPILLARITY THEORY
fertility rates transition to either below replacement or above replacement
STAGE 5
birth rates and death rates are both low. The
large group born during stage two ages
and creates an economic burden on
the shrinking working population
Stage 4: Stage of low to very low birth rate and
very low death rate
birth rates fall due to access to contraception,
increases in wages, urbanization, increase in
the status and education of women, and increase
in investment in education. Population
growth begins to level off.
Stage 3: Stage of incipient
decline
that of a developing country, the death
rates drop rapidly due to improvements in
food supply and sanitation, which
increase life spans and reduce disease.
Stage 2: Stage of explosive
growth
pre-industrial society, death rates and birth
rates are high and roughly in balance, and
population growth is typically very slow and
constrained by the available food supply.
Stage 1: Stage of high
potential growth
It describes four stages of population growth,
following patterns that connect birth and death rates with stages of industrial development
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY
It is a generalised description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies move from one demographic regime to another.
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY
It describes a progressive movement from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY
Birth control, abortion and abstinence
PREVENTIVE CHECKS
Disaster, war, famine and/or pestilence
POSIITIVE CHECKS
human populations grow exponentially (i.e.,
doubling with each cycle) while food production
grows at an arithmetic rate (i.e. by the repeated
addition of a uniform increment in each uniform
interval of time).
MALTHUSIAN THEORY OF POPULATION
GROWTH
It refers to studies of representative portions
of the total population
SAMPLE SURVEY
Refers to stored data of government or non-governmental agencies
ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS
Refers to important documents of recorded
events kept in the national archives.
NATIONAL RECORDS
are statistics on live births, deaths, fetal deaths,
marriages and divorces. The most common way of
collecting information on these events is through civil registration, an administrative system used by governments to record vital events which occur in
their populations
VITAL STATISTICS
is the procedure of systematically
acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population
CENSUS
It encompasses the study of the size, structure, and
distribution of these populations, and spatial or
temporal changes in them in response to birth,
migration, ageing, and death.
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
It is the study of statistics such as births, deaths,
income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate
the changing structure of human populations.
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
The theory about population that believes that a balance between population growth and food supply can be established through preventive and positive checks.
Malthusian theory
It is the number of offspring produced by the population or the individual. It is the actual number of offspring produced and not the rate of reproduction.
Fertility
The state or condition of being subject to death is called
mortality
The statistical study of human populations that examines their size, structure, and movements over time and space is called
demography
This theory is based on the recognition that every society is marked with a set of hierarchic social order in which individuals in the upper hierarchy enjoy greater prestige than those belonging to the lower hierarchy. There is a constant effort on the part of the individuals to rise in the hierarchy of social status. A large family is said to be an obstacle in the process of upward social mobility. Thus, fertility differences among different people is attributed to the will of moving up in the social order.
SOCIAL CAPILLARITY THEORY
It refers to the relocation or process of people leaving one country to reside in another.
Emigration
It is the physiological maximum potential reproductive output of an individual (usually female) over its lifetime.
Fecundity
It is a method for collecting data from or about the members of a population so that inferences about the entire population can be obtained from a subset, or sample, of the population members.
Sample Survey
It is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex
DISCRIMINATION
It refers to a person who flees for refuge or safety, especially to a foreign country, as in a time of political upheaval, war, etc. It is a displaced person who has been forced to cross national boundaries and who cannot return home safely.
Refugee
It is the fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or anything that is strange or foreign.
Xenophobia
It refers to a person who applies for refuge or asylum in a foreign country or its embassy, especially for political reasons.
Assylum seeker
It is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or It other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.
Human trafficking
It is the belief in the superiority of one race over another, which often results in discrimination and prejudice towards based on their race or ethnicity.
Racism
They intend to establish their permanent residence in a new country and possibly obtain that country’s citizenship,
Permanent migrants
It is the act of selfishly taking advantage of someone or a group of people in order to profit from them or otherwise benefit oneself.
EXPLOITATION
It refers to the non-commercial transfer of money by a foreign worker, a member of a diaspora community, or a eitizen with famillal ties abroad, for household income in their home country or homeland
Remittance
It refers to the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,
Global warming
It refers to the variety of living species on Earth, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi.
Biodiversity
It is formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.
Fossil fuels
It refers to a change in average weather conditions, or in the time variation of weather within the context of longer-term average conditions.
Climate change
It is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Sustainability
It consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change.
Climate change mitigation
is the worldwide spread of a new infectious disease
Pandemic
It is a response to global warming that seeks to reduce the vulnerability of social and biological systems to relatively sudden change and thus offset the effects of global warming.
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
is a duty every individual has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the ecosystems. It means that individuals and companies must act in the best interests of their environment and society as a whole.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
It is a process that occurs when gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap the Sun’s heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere.
Greenhouse effect
It is a widespread condition in which many people in a country or region are unable to access adequate food supplies. It is also the (uncountable) extreme shortage of food in a region.
Famine
It a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
Food security
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, these needs are the biological component for human survival.
Physiological needs
It is the condition that develops when the body is deprived of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients it needs to support growth and health.
MALNUTRITION
It the disruption of food intake or eating patterns because of lack of money and other resources.
Food insecurity
It is a need or compelling desire for food. It is an uncomfortable or painful physical sensation caused by insufficient consumption of dietary energy. It becomes chronic when the person does not consume a sufficient amount of calories (dietary energy) on a regular basis to lead a normal, active and healthy life.
Hunger
It concerns about insufficient food access have resulted in a greater policy focus on incomes, expenditure, markets and prices in achieving food security objectives,
ECONOMIC & PHYSICAL ACCESS
It is the sudden (and often abrupt) drop in the ability to purchase or grow enough food to meet physiological requirements for good health and activity
TRANSITORY FOOD INSECURITY
He was an American psychologist who developed a hierarchy of needs to explain human motivation. His theory suggested that people have a number of basic needs that must be met before people move up the hierarchy to pursue more social, emotional, and self-actualizing needs.
Abraham Maslow
It is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It includes ingestion, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion.
NUTRITION
It is someone who sees themselves as part of an emerging sustainable world community, and whose actions support the values and practices of that community,
GLOBAL CITIZEN
Global citizenship need not supplant nationalism, but instead offers new and healthier opportunities for peaceful and sustainable development. Global citizenship is the ultimate expression of nationalism, as it provides the firmest foundation for widely shared prosperity and happiness.
True
Learners acquire knowledge and understanding of local, national and global issues and the interconnectedness and interdependency of different countries and populations. Learners develop skills for critical thinking and analysis.
Cognitive domain
Globalisation also requires that we think not only about human rights, but also about environmental and animal rights.
True
It is the idea that all people have civic responsibilities to the world as a whole, rather than just their local communities or countries. So, by expanding one’s personal horizons through global learning, you are able to effect change in a more meaningful sense on both a small and larger scale.
Global citizenship
One must take a holistic and comprehensive approach to understanding the impact of globalisation and to better understand how best to address the major problems confronting a globalised world.
True
Learners experience a sense of belonging to a common humanity, sharing values and responsibilities, based on human rights. Learners develop attitudes of empathy, solidarity and respect for differences and diversity.
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL DOMAIN
Education and lifelong learning hold the key to addressing many of the world’s problems. It provide hope in humankind’s ability to meet the challenges of the modern world.
True
Learners act effectively and responsibly at local, national and global levels for a more peaceful and sustainable world. Learners develop motivation and willingness to take necessary actions.
BEHAVIOURAL DOMAIN
Promoting global citizenship in sustainable development will allow individuals to embrace their social responsibility to act for the benefit of all societies, not just their own
True
