Standards, Guidelines, Ethical, and Legal Issues Flashcards
Standards vs. guidelines; Examples of each
Standards - mandatory rules or laws (ethics codes)
- Established for use as a rule
- Basis for comparison to measure capacity, quantity, content, quality
- May be accompanied by guidelines to clarify how standard will be applied
- Have enforcement mechanisms (court, law, accreditation bodies, ethics committees)
- Guidelines - non-mandatory suggestions or recommendations (best practices)
- Suggestions or recommendations
- Aspirational
- Suggest specific professional behavior and conduct
Civil Rights Act
Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, and national origin by any program or
activity receiving federal funding.
• Sets the groundwork for how school psychologists work with diverse populations.
Bilingual Education Act
Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act
- Protects rights of students with Limited English Proficiency
- Encourages the provision of bilingual services
- Creates equal educational opportunities for low-income ELL students
Brown vs. Bd of Ed
US Supreme court rules that school segregation based on race was unconstitutional
• Identified as single most important case in opening the doors to equal educational opportunity.
Diana vs. California
Diana was placed in special education because she received a low score on IQ test. When
retested in Spanish she scored 50 points higher.
- Retested all Mexican American and Chinese American students.
- Students tested for special education must be assessed in primary or native language.
- Brought to light the disproportionate placement of Mexican Americans students.
Lau vs. Nichols
Chinese students who were LEP charged the district with being denied equal educational
opportunities.
- District claimed they provided same services to all students.
- Court mandated that assessment and intervention services be provided for LEP students.
- Did not specify what kinds of services.
- Aspira vs. Bd of Ed
- PR filed lawsuit against NYC because a lot of PR students were being placed in SE.
- Limited English Proficient Hispanic students were to receive instruction in Spanish until they reached an adequate level of English proficiency.
- NYC had to provide a language proficiency testing program for Hispanic students and bilingual education.
- Creation of LAnguage Assessment Battery.
- Jose P case
- Deaf-mute student who never received instruction or evaluation for 3 months.
- Non-biased assessment
- Appropriate identification
- Provision of services
- Increase bilingual personnel
- Training of personnel
- Ethical issues in assessment
- Select tests and procedures that are fair
- Should reflect understanding of differences in age, SES, gender, language, etc.
- One approach does not fit all
- Knowledgeable of techniques and test whose validity and reliability have been assessed across diverse populations.
- Use method in a manner appropriate to individual’s language preference, competence and cultural background.
- Linguistic equivalence of instrument (translations, standardization, norming)
- Conceptual and functional equivalence of constructs
- Use of interpreters (Competent, consent, recommended practices)
- Assess in dominant language or alternative communication system
- Follow procedures to develop fair and non-biased tests; examine items for fairness
- Competence of examiner
Review each APA guideline – what each one addresses
Guideline # 1
• Guideline # 1: Psychologists are encouraged to recognize that, as cultural beings, they may hold attitudes and beliefs that can detrimentally influence their perceptions of and interactions with individuals who are ethnically and racially different from themselves. - we’re all different and check your own biases (check yourself).
Review each APA guideline – what each one addresses
Guideline # 2
• Guideline # 2: Psychologists are encouraged to recognize the importance of multicultural sensitivity/responsiveness to, knowledge of, and understanding about ethnically and racially different individuals. - be culturally competent.
Review each APA guideline – what each one addresses
Guideline # 3
• Guideline # 3: As educators, psychologists are encouraged to employ the constructs of multiculturalism and diversity in psychological education. - teach that shit.
Review each APA guideline – what each one addresses
Guideline # 4
• Guideline # 4: Culturally sensitive psychological researchers are encouraged to recognize the importance of conducting culture-centered and ethical psychological research among persons from ethnic, linguistic and racial minority backgrounds. - make sure you have diversity.
Review each APA guideline – what each one addresses
Guideline # 5
• Guideline # 5: Psychologists are encouraged to apply culturally appropriate skills in clinical and other applied psychological practices. - apply that shit to real life situations.
Review each APA guideline – what each one addresses
Guideline # 6
• Guideline # 6: Psychologists are encouraged to use organization change processes to support culturally and informed organizational (policy) development and practices. - make sure policies are all inclusive.
