Standardized tests Flashcards
what is the purpose of standardized tests?
screening tool
determining a dx
facilitate planning of a tx program
help the parents understand the child’s limitations
ID areas that may need further eval
monitor progress and determine goal achievement
research
what are some pediatric assessment tools?
gross motor functional classification system
gross motor functional measure (GMFM)
peabody developmental motor scales-2
Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency 2
Movement ABC-2
PEDI
WEEFIM
Pediatric berg balance scale
6 minute walk test
Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS):
purpose?
age range?
areas tested?
Purpose:
- evaluate change in GM in children w/ CP and DS
- describe a current level of motor function
- determine tx goals
Age range: 5 mo - 16 yrs
Areas tested:
- lying and rolling
- sitting
- crawling
- standing
- walking, running and jumping
**not normed– instead made into a percentage based on the child’s own ability.
GMFCS grading:
Level I: walks w/out limitations
Level II: walks w/ limitations
Level III: walks using a hand held mobility device
Level IV: self-mobility w/ limitations; may use power mobility
Level V: transported in a manual w/c
administration for Gross motor functional scale (GMFM)?
each section is administered individually. with a demonstration and 3 trials
scored based upon a 4 point scale that measures how much of the item the child completes
dimension scores and total scores are achieved and then converted into the percentage of the max score for that dimension
time required: 45-60 min
what are pros to GMFM?
developed for children with CP
concerned w/ quantity of movement, not quality
measures change over time
what are cons to GMFM?
no normative data
directions regarding support with arms are not clear
many items are scored based on length of time in a position or length of the movement which may not correlate to functional movement
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2 (PDMS2):
purpose?
age range?
GM scale?
FM scale?
Purpose:
- determine motor skill level
- detect small changes over time
- assist in POC
Age range: 1-72 months
GM scale:
- reflexes
- stationary
- locomotion
- object manipulation
FM scale:
- grasping
- visual-motor integration
administration of the PDMS2?
3point scale
start at age level indicated in test and score to base of 3-2s and ceiling of 3-0’s
raw scores converted to age equivalent, percentiles and standard scores
Std scores convert to composite scores of motor performance: GM, FM, and total motor quotients
time required: 45-60 min
what are pros to PDMS2?
general guidelines provided for modifying test
distinguishes b/w GM and FM skills
test broken down into different areas to ID strengths and needs
accounts for emerging skills
subtest standard scores can be displayed on a chart
scoring booklet has abbreviated directions and scoring criteria for each item
what are cons to PDMS2?
does not include quality of movement
majority of testing materials to be provided by examiner
some materials are not easily acquired and descriptions can be vague
motor activities program book may encourage teaching test items
Movement assessment battery for children (movement ABC2) :
purpose?
age range?
areas tested?
checklist?
purpose: to identify and describe impairments of motor function in children
age range: 3-12 years
areas tested:
- manual dexterity
- ball skills
- static and dynamic balance
administration of ABC2:
Checklist:
- ADLs, movement w/in environment, game play, etc
- behavioral attributes
- takes into consideration the context of the performance
administration of checklist:
-by parents, teachers or other professionals over 1-2 weeks
Administration of performance test:
- 3 age bands that correlates to their chronological age
- scoring varies with the tasks
- Norm referenced- the raw scores are converted to standard scores for each section. the total standard score in conveyed into a percentile norm
time: 20-40 min
what are pros of movement abc-2?
looks at qualitative and quantitative data
tasks are interesting to the child
ability to record behavioral factors that may be interfering with the eval
one kit that houses the majority of materials
intervention guidelines are provided
checklist gives info about how that child is functioning w/in a group setting
photos for each item clarify written directions
what are cons of movement abc2?
scoring varies with each task
limited number of items administered
expensive
limited validity studies
does not identify incremental changes in function
unable to purchase replacement pieces
Bruinks Oseretsky test of motor proficiency 2 (BOT-2):
purpose?
age range?
time required?
areas tested?
PURPOSE: to assess development motor skills in children
Age range: 4-14 years
Time required: 45-60 min
Areas tested: -bilateral coordination -balance -running speed and agility -strength -fine motor precision -fine motor integration -manual dexterity upper limb coordination
what are pros of BOT2?
norm referenced
standardized kit with all equipment needed
pics of items for demo
strong inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability
large normative sample which included children with disabilities
short form of the BOT2 available
separate gross and fine motor composite scores for comparisons
what are cons of BOT2?
may be difficult to administer to younger children
instructions are difficult for some
Mullen scales of Early Learning :
purpose?
areas tested?
age range?
used for infants and preschool children
provides normative scores for 5 areas of development:
- gross motor
- visual reception
- fine motor
- receptive language
- expressive language
provides single composite representing general intelligence
objective means of identifying a child’s strengths and weaknesses
Mullen administration?
suggested starting points for different ages provided
basal level at least 1 point on 3 consecutive items
credit the child with max points for all items below the basal level
ceiling level- - points on 3 consecutive items
T scores
percentile ranks
age equivalents
Mullen pros?
distinguishes b/w GM and FM skills
provides clear instructions for administering
test broken down into different areas to ID strengths and needs
can be used as a screening tool
easy to administer
Mullen cons?
need to use test items provided
GM section- limited number of items
screening tool- further eval needed
does not include quality of movement esp GM section
Pediatric evaluation of disability inventory (PEDI):
purpose?
age range?
areas tested?
Purpose:
- determine functional capabilities and performance
- monitor progress
- evaluate outcomes in children with disabilities
Age range: 6 months to 7 years
Areas tested:
- self care
- mobility
- social function
- modification scale and caregiver assistance scale
PEDI administration?
via parent report, structured interview, or observation of child’s function
for functional skills- binary scoring system
for caregiver assistance- 6 point scale (independent to total assist)
modification scale- frequency count of adaptations used
for the first 2 above, able to obtain standard and scaled scores
time: 20-60 minutes
PEDI pros?
reliable and valid assessment of function in children with cognitive physical disabilities
the focus is on function and level of independence
looks at the amount of assistance to accomplish a task
children receive credit for mastery of components of the complex skills
scoring assistance available via computer program
PEDI cons?
differences may exist b/w the caregiver and the therapist on some items
requires additional research on larger samples with more diverse disabilities
Functional independence measure for children (WEEFIM)
purpose?
age range?
areas tested?
administration?
Purpose:
- determine severity of child’s disability
- measure caregiver assistance to perform functional activities
Age range:
- children w/out disabilities: 6 mo-8 yrs
- child w/ developmental disabilities: 6 mo-12 yrs
- children w/ developmental disabilities and mental ages younger than 7 yrs
Areas test:
- motor- self care, sphincter control, transfers and locomotion
- cognitive- communication and social interactions
Administration:
-each subdomain is scored from total assist to complete independence. this is done through observation or report form caregiver on an ordinal rating scale
Time: 10-20 minutes
WEEFIM pros?
potential to provide continuity b/w pediatric and adult functional measures
easy to administer
facilitates communication b/w those involved in the child’s care (Function)
considers caregiver assistance
training tape
certification process
WEEFIM cons?
does not account for environmental modifications
focus is on completion of daily activities- no credit for portions of this
caregiver assistance alone may not be enough to guide clinical decision making
based on an adult view of disability
users must agree to use data collection and outcome reporting system
