Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

gestational age

A

37-42 weeks is considered full term

Germination period

Embryonic period

Fetal period: 8 weeks to term “fetus”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

neonate/newborn=

A

first couple weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

infant =

A

to 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

APGAR score

A

10 point scale
Given at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
Most babies don’t have a 10 right away, anything >7 is good

Heart Rate:
0= absent
1= < 100
2= > 100

Resp Rate:
0= absent
1= slow & irregular
2= good, crying

Muscle Tone:
0= limp
1= some flexion & ext
2= active movement

Reflex Irritability:
0= no response
1= grimace
2= cough or sneeze

Color:
0= blue
1= pink, blue extremities
2= pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reflexes are ____ at birth

A

present at birth and are integrated

develop to assist the child

primitive reflexes at birth, over time become integrated (increased myelination, increased strength and weight, exposure to different positions and increased stimulation)

protective response reflex later develop as infant grows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are 2 feeding reflexes?

A

1- rooting reflex

2- sucking reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the rooting reflex?

A

touch to cheek results in turning head to same side with mouth open

disappears usually by 3 months

interferes with oral motor development, development of midline control of head, optical righting, visual tracking and social interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the sucking reflex?

A

touch to lips, tongue, palate results in automatic sucking

follows the rooting and allows the infant to take in food

disappears by 6 months

interferes with progression of oral motor foods and solid intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the moro reflex?

A

head drop into/ suddenly results in arm abduction then adduction

disappears by 5 months

interferes with balance reactions and protective responses in sitting, eye-hand coordination, visual tracking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the startle reflex?

A

loud, sudden noise results in Moro response with elbows flexed and hands closed

disappears by 5 months

interferes as Moro and also social interaction and attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are 2 grasping reflexes?

A

1- palmar grasp

2- plantar grasp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the palmer grasp reflex?

A

pressure in infant’s palm results in strong fist and grip then a slow release

disappears by 4 months

interferes with ability to grasp and release objects voluntarily, weight bear on open hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the plantar grasp reflex?

A

pressure to base of toes results in toe flexion

disappears by 9 months

interferes with ability to stand with flat feet, balance reactions and weight shifting in standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are 3 attitudinal reflexes?

A

1- Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

2- Symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR)

3- Tonic labyinthine reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is ATNR?

A

Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

head turned to 1 side results in arm & leg extension on face side and flexion on scalp side

disappears by 6 months

interferes with feeding, tracking, midline use of hands, B hand use, rolling, crawling, and can lead to skeletal deformities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is STNR?

A

Symmetrical tonic neck reflex

neck flexion produces UE flexion and LE extension

neck extension produces UE / and LE flexion

normal age from 6-8 months

interferes with POE (prone on elbows), quad, crawling, sitting balance looking and use of hands in this position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is TLR?

A

tonic labyrinthine reflex

in supine, body and extremities are in extension and in prone they are in flexion

disappears by 6 months

interferes with ability to initiate rolling, POE, supine to sit, balance in sitting or standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are 4 protective extension reflexes?

A

1- parachute response

2- forward sitting

3- sideways sitting

4- backwards sitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the parachute response?

A

quick displacement of trunk downward with child suspended in prone at 45 degrees results in arm extension

present at 4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is protective extension in forward sitting?

A

push child forward in siting and arms should extend to catch weight

present in 6-7 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is protective extension in sideways sitting?

A

displace trunk to each side and should extend arms to same side to catch weight

present at 6-7 months

22
Q

what is protective extension in backwards sitting?

A

pull child backwards and should response with arm extension to support weight

present at 9-12 months

23
Q

what are 2 upright reflexes?

A

1- positive standing reflex

2- walking reflex/stepping reflex

24
Q

what is the positive standing reflex?

A

when weight placed on balls of feet child stiffens legs and trunk into extension

disappears at 2 months

interferences with standing, walking, weight shift in standing, plantar flexor contracture

25
Q

what is the walking reflex/stepping reflex?

A

supported upright on soles of feet results in flexion and extension of LEs

disappears at 2 months

interferes with standing, walking, balance reactions, weight shift standing, development of smooth coordinated reciprocal LE movements

26
Q

dynamical systems (Thelen- 1990’s)

What is the View on “stages”?

A

apparent stages of development are actually states of relative stability arising from the self-organizing, emergent properties of a multitude of systems, each developing at its own continuous rate

27
Q

dynamical systems (Thelen- 1990’s)

What is the driving force for development?

A

The individual develops as the organism recognizes the affordances of the environment and selects (self-organizes) the more appropriate available responses to tasks

28
Q

Dynamical Systems (Thelen- 1990’s)

what are the building blocks of development?

A

multiple cooperating systems with individual rates of development and self-motivated exploration of the environment

29
Q

what are the Dynamic Systems Theory of Motor Control?

A

1- pattern generation of the coordinative structures leading to reciprocal LE activity, consisting primarily of alternative flexor muscle activation

2- development of reciprocal muscle activity of flexor and extensor muscles

3- strength of extensor muscles needed for opposing the force of gravity

4- changes in body size and composition

5- antigravity control of upright posture of the head and trunk

6- appropriate decoupling of the tight synchronization of characteristics of early reciprocal LE movements, such that the knee moves out of phase with the hip and ankle

7- visual flow sensitivity required to maintain posture while moving through the environment

8- ability to recognize the requirements of the task and be motivated to move toward a goal

30
Q

what are factors for motor development?

A

CNS maturation (cognition/motivation)

musculoskeletal changes (body size)

cardiorespiratory changes

environment– opportunity to practice

31
Q

what is the relationship between development and motor skills?

A 
cephalo> caudal
GM>FM
proximal>distal
stability >mobility
flexibility > mobility

development is “stage like” with fluctuating between them

sensitive periods

32
Q

what is the developmental sequence?

A

wide variety of normal

a typical baby progresses to the next skill before mastering the previous one

33
Q

gross and fine motor skills at 1 y/o:

A

13-15 months:
GROSS: high kneel, walking I, creep up stairs
FINE: place peg board, circle in puzzle, release raisin, scribble

16-18 months:
GROSS: rise to stand, walk up and down stairs with HHA1
FINE: separate pop bead

19-21months:
GROSS: kick a ball, sidestep
FINE: build 5 block tower, turn pages of cardboard book, 3 piece puzzle

22-24 months:
GROSS: throw a tennis ball, jump up, walk up stairs1
FINE: 6 blocks, imitate vertical stroke

34
Q

gross and fine motor skills at 2 y/o:

A

GROSS:
25-27 months: walk down stairs I
28-30 months: walk on tip toes, few alt steps on beam/line
31-33 months: SLS 3 sec, jump fwd 2 ft
34-36 months: catches a ball, rides tricycle, walks with heel-toe gait, narrow BOS, reciprocal arm swing

FINE:
25-28 months: snips w/ scissors, imitates horizontal stroke, circular scribble, strings 2 beads
29-30 months: 4 block train, 10 block tower
31-36 months: block designs, copies a circle, show hand preference

35
Q

the 3 y/o child:

A 
alternates get when ascending stairs
rides a tricycle
hop briefly
feeds themselves
hold cup with one hand
toilet trained
behaviors vary
36
Q

the 4 y/o child:

A 
walks down stairs alternating feet
catch ball with hands only
roller skate/ride bike
enjoys athletic activities
button large buttons
lace shoelaces
dress I
self-confident
37
Q

the 5 y/o child:

A 
skip
jump fwd 2 ft
climb well
jump rope
acrobatics
play blocks
enjoy helping at home
38
Q

the 6 y/o child:

A

constantly moving

awkwardness with motor skills

39
Q

self-care development:

A

14 months: finger foods
15 months: use of spoon

signs of concern:

  • coughing/choking during or after eating
  • change in vocal quality
  • loss of food/liquid from mouth
  • food remains in mouth after swallow
  • difficulty transitioning between food stages
40
Q

speech development at 6 months?

A

localize sounds

41
Q

speech development at 12 months?

A

ID common objects and produce single words

42
Q

speech development at 18 months?

A

20 words

43
Q

speech development at 2 years?

A

should understand 25-50%

50 words

44
Q

speech development at 3 years?

A

should understand 75%

45
Q

cognition development at 12 months?

A

object permanence

46
Q

cognition development at 15 months?

A

imitate body action on a doll

47
Q

cognition development at 27 months?

A

match two sets of objects by item; imitate a model from memory

48
Q

cognition development at 31 months?

A

match 2 sets of objects by color

49
Q

social/emotional/play skills:

4 months:
12 months:
24 months:

A

4 months: smiling

12 months: performing for social attention

24 months: imitating actions/movements/pretend play

50
Q

what are signs of concern for social/emotional/play skill development?

A

no contact with peers/adults

fixating on toys that spin

not demonstrating appropriate play with toys

overly upset with change or transitions

significant difficulty attending to tasks

Pediatrics (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions