standard skeleton Flashcards
how many bones are in the adult skeleton
206
how many bones do babies have
300 (as time goes by their bones fuse together)
what percentage of body mass do bones make up
14%
make up of a bone
bone cells, fat cells, blood vessels, but mostly calcium
functions of the skeletal system
structure (rigid frame work), protection(brain and organs), movement (lever system which muscles can attach), growth center for cells, reservoir of minerals (calcium and phosphorus storhouse)
axial skeleton
consits of 80 bones and is made up of the skull, spine, and ribs
skull
cranium- 8 bones
face- 14 bones
ossicles- 6 bones (3 per side)
hyoid bone
supports tounge and porms part of the lanrynx
vertebral column
33 vertebrae, some are fused together (on average 26 can move)
sternum
3 bones fused together
ribs
12 pairs-24 total
appendicualr skeleton
includes movable limbs and their supporting structure, conists of 126 bones and is divided into 6 major regions
6 major regions of the appendicular skeleton
pectoral gridel
arms and forearms
hands
pelvis
thighs and legs
feet and ankels
composition of the human skeleton (tissue)
two types, cartilage and bone
cartilage
Cartilage forms the skeleton of a developing fetus, gradually replaced by bone
Some cartilage remains on the articular surface of most bones to allow for flexible connection between bones
bone landmarks
every bone in the human body have landmarks
A landmark is a ridge, bump, grove, depression, or prominence on the surface of the bone that serves as a guide to locations of other body structures
anatomy of a long bone (two regions)
diaphysis (shaft), and the epiphysis (ends)
medullary cavity
Found inside the shaft
Filled with red and yellow bone marrow
Red Marrow is responsible for blood cells and platelet formation
Yellow marrow- contains fat and stem cells
compact bone
Underneath periosteum
Responsible for the bones structural integrity
Cancellous bone
Beneath the compact bone
Filled with marrow in its small cavity-like spaces
Also distributes forces placed on the bone
periosteum
`covers entire length
Site of attachment for ligaments and tendons
epiphyseal plates
Occur at various locations at the epiphyses of long bones
Growth plates
Appear as black spaces between the diaphysis and epiphysis on x-rays
epiphysis lines
appear once plates have fused/come together (no more grwoth and appear as a solid epiphysis on x-rays
major bones in the body
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