Standard Options In Sparkling Winemaking

Question 1

Describe the growing environment that favours elegant sparkling wine.

Answer 1

1. Cool climate where grapes are struggling to ripen is ideal.
2. Just ripe flavour while retaining high acidity.
3. Slow sugar accumulation, giving still base wine in low alc content 9-11 degree.
4. It is important because secondary fermentation will increase 1-2% abv
5. High base wine with high alc will struggle with secondary fermentation.
6. Therefore, the regions with greater latitudes such as England, Champagne are important
7. High altitude, Trentodoc
8. Cooling influences such as Sonoma county
9. Project to make elegant with complemented with flavour of brioche and bread dough from yeast autolysis, yeast cell break down from long term ageing on lees.
10. Grape from warmer region with intense fruit flavour and lower acidity are usually short aged.

Question 2

State the common grape varieties used for sparkling winemaking

Answer 2

1. Chardonnay and pinot noir is the most common once for premium and super premium sparkling .
   2 Chardonnay is early budding ripening and can ripen in cool climate.
2. Nuetral with subtle lemon and citrus
3. Complement of yeast autolysisi, break down during lees ageing provide s brioche and bread.
4. Retain high acidity.
5. Low level of alcohol for base wine 9-10 abv and 1-2 % in secondary fermentation
6. High yield without losing quality in good years.
7. More disease resistance to pinot noir

But susceptible to
1. Frost.
2. Powery mildew, grapevine yellow, botrytis
3. Coulure and millerandage.

Pinot nior
1. Early ripening and budding, frost risk
2. Coloure
3. Yield moderate to Chardonnay, drop quality when yield is high.
4. Downy, powdery mildew due to thin skin and botrytis
5. Fan leaf and leaf roll.
6. Adding fruitiness into wine.

Question 3

Which countries consume the largest amount of sparkling?

Answer 3

1. Germany, France USA Russain，italy

Question 4

Which countries export the highest sparkling by volume and which one by value?

Answer 4

1. Italy volume 43%
2. France 52% by value

Question 5

Which country import highest sparkling by volume and which o e for value

Answer 5

1. USA volume
2. UK value