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Physics: Unit 2 > Standard Model > Flashcards

Standard Model Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fermion?

A

Fundamental mass particles which make up matter

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2
Q

What is a boson?

A

A force mediating particle

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3
Q

What are the first generation quarks?

A

Up: 2/3
Down: -1/3

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4
Q

What are the second and third generation quarks?

A

2nd:

  • charm
  • strange

3rd:

  • top
  • bottom
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5
Q

How many quarks in a baryon?

A

3

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6
Q

How many quarks in a meson?

A

2

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7
Q

What are the two groups of fermions?

A

Leptons and quarks

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8
Q

What are the three generations of lepton?

A

1st- electron
2nd- muon
3rd- tau

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9
Q

What are the three neutral pairs too leptons?

A

1st- electron neutrino
2nd- muon neutrino
3rd- tau neutrino

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10
Q

What is beta decay evidence of?

A

Neutrinos

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11
Q

What is a hadron?

A

A particle made up of quarks

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12
Q

What are the two types of hadrons?

A

Baryons and mesons

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13
Q

What does a proton consist of?

A

Two ‘up’ quarks and one ‘down’ quark

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14
Q

What does a neutron consist of?

A

Two ‘down’ quarks and one ‘up’ quark

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15
Q

What do mesons always consist of?

A

A quark and anti-quark pair

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16
Q

What is an anti-particle?

A

The same mass as their particle equivalent but the opposite charge

17
Q

What are the four fundamental forces?

A
  • strong nuclear force
  • weak nuclear force
  • electromagnetic force
  • gravitational force
18
Q

What is associated with the strong nuclear force?

A

Holding protons in the nucleus: overcomes the electrostatic repulsion
-gluon

19
Q

What is associated with the weak nuclear force?

A

Happens in beta decay: decay of unstable hadrons

-W and Z bosons

20
Q

What is associated with the electromagnetic force?

A

Holding electrons in atoms

-photon

21
Q

What is associated with the gravitational force?

A

Holding matter in planets, stars and galaxies

- graviton

22
Q

What is anti-matter?

A

Anti-matter consists of particles that are identical to their counterparts in every way apart from charge which is the opposite

23
Q

What is annihilation?

A

When a matter particle needs and anti-matter particle and they annihilate each other, giving off energy

24
Q

Describe an practical uses of anti-matter

A
  • positron emission technology: obtain much clearer 3D scans of body function
  • anti-beta with a short half life is introduced into the body, positron emitter produces gamma Rasta which are detected by scintillators

Physics: Unit 2 (7 decks)

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