Standard Model Flashcards
What is a fermion?
Fundamental mass particles which make up matter
What is a boson?
A force mediating particle
What are the first generation quarks?
Up: 2/3
Down: -1/3
What are the second and third generation quarks?
2nd:
- charm
- strange
3rd:
- top
- bottom
How many quarks in a baryon?
3
How many quarks in a meson?
2
What are the two groups of fermions?
Leptons and quarks
What are the three generations of lepton?
1st- electron
2nd- muon
3rd- tau
What are the three neutral pairs too leptons?
1st- electron neutrino
2nd- muon neutrino
3rd- tau neutrino
What is beta decay evidence of?
Neutrinos
What is a hadron?
A particle made up of quarks
What are the two types of hadrons?
Baryons and mesons
What does a proton consist of?
Two ‘up’ quarks and one ‘down’ quark
What does a neutron consist of?
Two ‘down’ quarks and one ‘up’ quark
What do mesons always consist of?
A quark and anti-quark pair
What is an anti-particle?
The same mass as their particle equivalent but the opposite charge
What are the four fundamental forces?
- strong nuclear force
- weak nuclear force
- electromagnetic force
- gravitational force
What is associated with the strong nuclear force?
Holding protons in the nucleus: overcomes the electrostatic repulsion
-gluon
What is associated with the weak nuclear force?
Happens in beta decay: decay of unstable hadrons
-W and Z bosons
What is associated with the electromagnetic force?
Holding electrons in atoms
-photon
What is associated with the gravitational force?
Holding matter in planets, stars and galaxies
- graviton
What is anti-matter?
Anti-matter consists of particles that are identical to their counterparts in every way apart from charge which is the opposite
What is annihilation?
When a matter particle needs and anti-matter particle and they annihilate each other, giving off energy
Describe an practical uses of anti-matter
- positron emission technology: obtain much clearer 3D scans of body function
- anti-beta with a short half life is introduced into the body, positron emitter produces gamma Rasta which are detected by scintillators
