standard and anatomical references Flashcards
What is Female Infertility?
Inability of a woman to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse.
Causes may include ovulatory disorders, tubal damage, uterine abnormalities, or hormonal imbalances.
What is Male Infertility?
Inability of a man to impregnate a woman after 12 months of unprotected intercourse.
Often due to low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm morphology.
Define In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).
An assisted reproductive technology (ART) where oocytes are fertilized by sperm outside the body, in a laboratory dish, and the resulting embryo is implanted into the uterus.
What is Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)?
A specialized form of IVF where a single sperm is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg to achieve fertilization.
Used especially in cases of severe male infertility.
What is the process of Embryo Transfer?
The process of placing a fertilized embryo into a woman’s uterus during IVF to establish pregnancy.
What does Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) involve?
An ART procedure in which sperm and oocytes are mixed and then transferred directly into a woman’s fallopian tubes.
What are Congenital Defects?
Structural or functional abnormalities present at birth.
Resulting from genetic factors, environmental influences, or unknown causes.
What is Down Syndrome (DS)?
A genetic disorder caused by trisomy 21, characterized by intellectual disability, distinct facial features, and various health issues.
What is Breech Presentation?
A fetal position where the baby’s buttocks or feet are positioned to be delivered first instead of the head.
Define Conceptus.
The entire product of conception at any point between fertilization and birth, including the embryo or fetus, placenta, and associated membranes.
What is a Cryopreserved Embryo?
An embryo that has been frozen and stored at a very low temperature for future use in fertility treatments like IVF.
What is Deformation in fetal development?
An abnormal form or position of a body part caused by mechanical forces during fetal development.
What is Emesis Gravidarum?
Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, commonly referred to as morning sickness.
Define Epigenesis.
The developmental process by which a fertilized egg gradually becomes a complex organism through gene regulation and cellular differentiation.
What is Fertilization Age?
The age of the embryo or fetus calculated from the actual time of fertilization.
What does Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) result from?
A disorder caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy, leading to growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and CNS dysfunction.
Define Gestational Age.
The age of the pregnancy calculated from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual period (LMP).
What is a Karyotype?
A visual representation of an individual’s chromosomes, used to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
What is Klinefelter’s Syndrome?
A genetic condition in males caused by an extra X chromosome, leading to reduced fertility and other features.
What is a Lethal Gene?
A gene mutation that causes death of the organism when expressed, often during embryonic or fetal development.
What is Metafemale Syndrome (Triple X Syndrome)?
A chromosomal disorder in females with an extra X chromosome, often with no symptoms or only mild developmental delays.
Define Primordium.
An early collection of cells that represents the initial stage in the development of an organ or tissue.
What is Puerperal Fever?
A bacterial infection of the female reproductive tract following childbirth, historically a major cause of maternal mortality.
What is Turner Syndrome?
A chromosomal disorder in females where one X chromosome is missing or partially missing, leading to short stature and infertility.
