diseases Flashcards
What is Erectile Dysfunction (ED)?
Inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse.
Commonly treated with medications like sildenafil and tadalafil.
What are the signs and symptoms of Erectile Dysfunction?
- Trouble getting/staying erect
- Reduced sexual desire
Symptoms can vary in severity.
What are the treatment options for Erectile Dysfunction?
- Medications (e.g., sildenafil/Viagra, tadalafil/Cialis)
- Lifestyle changes
- Therapy
- Penile implants
Treatment should be tailored to the individual.
What is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)?
A group of physical and emotional symptoms occurring before menstruation.
Symptoms can significantly affect daily activities.
What are common signs and symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome?
- Bloating
- Breast tenderness
- Mood swings
- Fatigue
- Irritability
Severity can vary widely among individuals.
What treatments are available for Premenstrual Syndrome?
- Lifestyle changes
- Pain relievers
- Oral contraceptives
- Antidepressants (SSRIs for severe PMS)
Treatment effectiveness can vary.
What is Endometriosis?
Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
It can lead to significant pain and complications.
What are the signs and symptoms of Endometriosis?
- Pelvic pain
- Painful periods
- Infertility
- Pain during sex
Diagnosis often requires medical evaluation.
What are the treatment options for Endometriosis?
- NSAIDs
- Hormone therapy
- Oral contraceptives
- Surgery (laparoscopy)
Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.
What is Breast Cancer?
Malignant tumor originating in breast cells.
Early detection is crucial for successful treatment.
What are the signs and symptoms of Breast Cancer?
- Breast lump
- Nipple discharge
- Changes in breast shape/skin
Regular self-exams can help in early detection.
What treatment options are available for Breast Cancer?
- Surgery
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Hormonal therapy
- Targeted drugs (e.g., trastuzumab)
Treatment plans are personalized.
What are the symptoms of Ovarian Cancer?
- Abdominal bloating
- Pelvic pain
- Weight loss
- Frequent urination
Symptoms may be vague and easily overlooked.
What treatments are available for Ovarian Cancer?
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
Early diagnosis improves treatment outcomes.
What are the symptoms of Cervical Cancer?
- Vaginal bleeding
- Pelvic pain
- Painful intercourse
Regular screening can help prevent cervical cancer.
What treatments are available for Cervical Cancer?
- Surgery
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- HPV vaccine for prevention
Vaccination is key in reducing incidence.
What is Vulvovaginal Candidiasis?
Fungal infection caused by Candida albicans.
Commonly referred to as a yeast infection.
What are the signs and symptoms of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis?
- Itching
- Thick white discharge
- Burning during urination
Symptoms can cause significant discomfort.
What treatments are available for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis?
- Antifungal creams (e.g., clotrimazole)
- Oral antifungals (fluconazole)
Self-treatment options are available but consult a healthcare provider for recurring issues.
What is Chlamydia?
Bacterial STD caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
Often asymptomatic, making screening important.
What are the signs and symptoms of Chlamydia?
- Often asymptomatic
- Discharge
- Burning urination
- Pelvic pain
Regular testing is recommended for sexually active individuals.
What treatments are available for Chlamydia?
- Antibiotics (azithromycin or doxycycline)
Early treatment is crucial to prevent complications.
What is Trichomoniasis?
STD caused by Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan).
Transmission occurs through sexual contact.
What are the signs and symptoms of Trichomoniasis?
- Frothy yellow-green discharge
- Itching
- Burning urination
Symptoms can mimic other infections.
What treatments are available for Trichomoniasis?
- Metronidazole or tinidazole
Effective treatment can resolve symptoms quickly.
What is Gonorrhea?
Bacterial STD caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Can lead to serious health complications if untreated.
What are the signs and symptoms of Gonorrhea?
- Painful urination
- Discharge
- Pelvic/testicular pain
Symptoms may vary by gender.
What treatments are available for Gonorrhea?
- Dual antibiotics (ceftriaxone + doxycycline or azithromycin)
Resistance to treatment is a growing concern.
What is Syphilis?
Bacterial STD caused by Treponema pallidum.
Can progress through stages if untreated.
What are the signs and symptoms of Syphilis?
- Painless sores (primary)
- Rash (secondary)
- Severe complications if untreated
Early detection is critical for effective treatment.
What treatments are available for Syphilis?
- Penicillin G injection
Early treatment can cure the infection.
What is Genital Herpes?
Viral infection caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2.
Highly contagious, often transmitted during sexual activity.
What are the signs and symptoms of Genital Herpes?
- Painful blisters/sores
- Itching
- Flu-like symptoms
Outbreaks can be managed but not cured.
What treatments are available for Genital Herpes?
- Antiviral drugs (acyclovir, valacyclovir) to manage outbreaks
Regular use can reduce outbreak frequency.
What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection?
Common viral infection; some types cause cancer.
Vaccination can prevent certain cancer-causing types.
What are the signs and symptoms of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection?
- Often asymptomatic
- Some types cause genital warts or cervical changes
Regular screening can detect changes early.
What treatments are available for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection?
- No cure, but managed with wart removal and vaccines (e.g., Gardasil)
Vaccination is a key preventive measure.
What are Genital Warts?
Warts on the genital area caused by low-risk HPV types.
They are a common manifestation of HPV infection.
What are the signs and symptoms of Genital Warts?
- Small, flesh-colored bumps or clusters
They may not cause pain but can be bothersome.
What treatments are available for Genital Warts?
- Topical treatments (imiquimod)
- Cryotherapy
- Surgical removal
Treatment options vary based on wart size and location.
