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Human Osteology > Standard Anatomical terms > Flashcards

Standard Anatomical terms Flashcards

1
Q

left/right

A

sides of the subject being observed

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2
Q

cranial skeletal anatomy

A

anatomy of the skull

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3
Q

postcranial anatomy

A

anatomy of the rest of the skeleton

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4
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of the trunk

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5
Q

appendicualr skeleton

A

bones of the limbs

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6
Q

sagittal/midsagittal/median/midline plane

A

plane that divides the body into symmetrical right/left

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7
Q

parasagittal section

A

plane that parallels the sagittal plane

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8
Q

coronal/frontal plane

A

plane that divides the

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9
Q

transverse/horizontal plane

A

plane that divides at any height, always perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes

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10
Q

orthograde

A

trunk upright

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11
Q

pronograde

A

trunk horizontal

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12
Q

superior

A

toward the head

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13
Q

inferior

A

away from the head

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14
Q

anterior

A

towards the front of the body

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15
Q

posterior

A

towards the back of the body

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16
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

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17
Q

lateral

A

opposite of medial, away from the midline of the body

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18
Q

proximal

A

nearest the axial skeleton

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19
Q

distal

A

farthest from the axial skeleton

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20
Q

external

A

outer

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21
Q

internal

A

inside

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22
Q

endocranial

A

inner surface of the cranial vault

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23
Q

ectocranial

A

outer surface of the cranial vault

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24
Q

superficial

A

close to the surface

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25
Q

deep

A

far from the surface

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26
Q

subcutaneous

A

just below the skin

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27
Q

mesial

A

toward the midline point of the dental arch

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28
Q

distal

A

opposite of mesial

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29
Q

lingual

A

toward the tongue

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30
Q

labial

A

toward the lips

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31
Q

buccal

A

towards the cheeks

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32
Q

interproximal

A

in contact with adjacent teeth in the same jaw

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33
Q

occlusal

A

facing the opposing dental arch

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34
Q
A
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35
Q

incisal

A

the biting edge of the incisors

35
Q

mesiodistal

A

axis running from mesial to distal

36
Q

buccolingual/labiolingual

A

axis running from labial or buccal to lingual

37
Q

palmar

A

palm side of the body

38
Q

plantar

A

sole of the foot

39
Q

dorsal

A

top of the foot or back of the hand

40
Q

flexion

A

bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts

41
Q

extension

A

straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

42
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the sagittal plane

43
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the sagittal plane

44
Q

circumduction

A

combination of abduction and adduction as well as flexion and extension

45
Q

rotation

A

motion that occurs as one body part turns on an axis

46
Q

opposition

A

motion in which body parts are brought together

47
Q

pronation

A

rotary motion of the forearm inward

48
Q

supination

A

rotary motion of the forearm outward

49
Q

dorsiflexion

A

flexion of the entire foot away from the ground

50
Q

planterflexion/volarflexion

A

flexion of the entire foot toward the ground at an angle

51
Q

eversion

A

turning of the sole of the foot outward, also known as pronation of the foot

52
Q

inversion

A

turning the sole of the foot inward, also known as supination of the foot

53
Q

process

A

a bony prominence

54
Q

eminence

A

a bony projection; not as prominent as a process

55
Q

spine

A

a longer, thinner, sharper process than an eminence

56
Q

tuberosity

A

a large, rough eminence of variable shape

57
Q

tuberae

A

a small, usually rough eminence, often a site of tendon or ligament attachment

58
Q

trochanters

A

two large, prominent, blunt processes found on the femur

59
Q

mallolus

A

rounded protuberance adjacent to the ankle joint

60
Q

boss

A

a smooth, round, broad eminence

61
Q

articulation

A

an area where adjacent bones are in contact at a joint

62
Q

condyle

A

a rounded articular process

63
Q

epicondyle

A

a nonarticular projection adjacent to a condyle

64
Q

head

A

a large, rounded usually articular end of a bone

65
Q

shaft/diaphysis

A

the long, straight section between the ends of a long bone

66
Q

epiphysis

A

usually the end portion or extremity of a long bone

67
Q

neck

A

the section of a bone between the head and the shaft

68
Q

torus

A

a bone thickening

69
Q

ridge

A

a linear bony elevation, often roughened

70
Q

crest

A

a prominent, usually sharp and thin ridge of bone; often formed between adjacent muscle masses

71
Q

line

A

a raised linear surface, not as thick as a torus or as sharp as a crest

72
Q

hamulus

A

a hook-shaped projection

73
Q

facet

A

a small articular surface or a tooth contact

74
Q

fossa

A

a depressed area, usually broad and shallow

75
Q

fovea

A

a pit-like, depressed area, usually smaller than a fossa

76
Q

groove

A

a long pit or furrow

77
Q

sulcus

A

a long, wide groove

78
Q

fontanelle

A

a space between cranial bones of an infant

79
Q

suture

A

where adjacent bones of the skull meet

80
Q

foramen

A

an opening through a bone, usually a passage for blood vessels and nerves

81
Q

canal

A

a tunnel-like, extended foramen

82
Q

meatus

A

a short canal

83
Q

sinus

A

a cavity within a cranial bone

84
Q

alveolus

A

a tooth socket

Human Osteology (2 decks)

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