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Russia > Stalin's Foreign Policy > Flashcards

Stalin's Foreign Policy Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the Treaty of Rapallo signed with and when?

A

Germany in 1922

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2
Q

Who was the Treaty of Berlin signed with and when?

A

Germany in 1926

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3
Q

What year did the Soviet enter the League of Nations?

A

1934

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4
Q

What was signed with Poland in 1932 and later extended in 1934?

A

Non-aggression pact

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5
Q

What year was the Nazi-Soviet pact?

A

1939

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6
Q

What year was the Anti-Comintern pact created?

A

1936

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7
Q

List 4 ways Russian territory enabled the German Army to carry out military operations

A
  1. The Junkers aircraft factory at Fili, near Moscow
  2. A training school for German pilots in Ukraine
  3. A facility for practicing tank warfare at Kazan
  4. A secret joint facility at Samara for developing poison gas weapons
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8
Q

How did Stalin react to the rise of Hitler?

A
  1. Claimed he was happy as it would accelerate the collapse of capitalism
  2. 1933 and 1934 ‘Rapallo period’ of collaboration with Germany put to one side for collective security
  3. Improved relations with Western democracies
  4. Kept options open
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9
Q

State 2 views of Stalin’s foreign policy approach

A
  1. ‘Zig-zag’ approach - always changing direction according to circumstances
  2. Obsession with security, tactics unpredictable, objective always the same
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10
Q

Who did the Soviet establish diplomatic relations with in 1933?

A

USA

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11
Q

What were the ‘Riga Watchers’?

A

American foreign policy experts used capital of independent Latvia as ‘listening post’ for developments inside Russia

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12
Q

Was there another reason why western countries were keen to bring the USSR into the League of Nations?

A

Stalin and the Americans were worried about the rise of Japan

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13
Q

What year was the Franco-Soviet pact of mutual assistance signed?

A

1935

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14
Q

Explain the Franco-Soviet pact of mutual assistance

A

Did not have specific clauses on military cooperation, vague on the circumstances in which it might be activated
- regarded as hollow threat of two-front war on Germany

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15
Q

Explain the pact between the USSR and Czechoslovakia

A

USSR gave undertaking to intervene militarily if Czechoslovakia was attacked by a third party as long as the French did also

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16
Q

What year did Stalin intervene in the Spanish Civil War?

A

1936

17
Q

What was the impact & changing nature of influence of Soviet intervention on the war?

A
  1. Probably saved Madrid from falling to Franco
  2. Direct military commitment scaled down
  3. Soviet aim no longer to help the republic to victory
  4. To prolong the war in order to wear down Italian and German forces
  5. Disillusionment with France and Britain
18
Q

What is appeasement?

A

The negotiation of a dispute without causing conflicts

19
Q

Reasons for appeasement

A

Hidden political motivation
Economic depression
Wars expensive
Stop war

20
Q

Given an example where Germany were appeased

A

March 1938, German forces invaded Austria & imposed the Anschluss (Austria into the German Reich) France and Britain protested but no action taken

21
Q

What year was the Munich Conference?

A

1938

22
Q

What were the consequences for the Soviet Union of the Munich Conference?

A

Any hopes of an anti-Hitler alliance severely dented

23
Q

What was the Anti-Comintern pact?

A

Japan and Nazi Germany, agreement to take joint action against ‘interference’ in their internal affairs by the Comintern

24
Q

What year did Italy join the Anti-Comintern pact?

A

1937 forming the three power alliance known as the ‘Axis’

25
Q

What year was the war between Japan and the Soviet Union?

A

1939

26
Q

How many troops, tanks and aircraft were used in the Japanese-Soviet war?

A

100,000 troops

1000 tanks and aircraft

27
Q

What happened at Khalkin Gol?

A

Japanese army encircled and defeated by Soviet forces

75% of Japanese troops in battle killed

28
Q

What were the consequences of the Japanese-Soviet war for Japan?

A

Japanese expansionists left the Soviet Union severely alone

29
Q

What were the consequences of the Japanese-Soviet war for the USSR?

A

War confirmed the need to remain militarily strong in the Far East. Coincided in major shift in policy towards Western Europe

30
Q

What did the Nazi-Soviet pact offer Hitler?

A

Gave him a free hand to invade Poland, the non-aggression pact also provided Germany with vital raw materials from Russia on very favourable terms

31
Q

What did the Nazi-Soviet pact offer Stalin?

A

Pact offered territorial gains (eastern Poland and the Baltic states) Guaranteed breathing space

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