Stakeholder Management

Question 1

Process “Identify Stakeholders”

Answer 1

• Goal: regularly identify stakeholders and analyze and document relevant infotmation regarding their interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence and potential impact on project success
• Inputs: project charter, business documents, PMplan (communications and stakeholder engagement plan), project docs (change and issue log, requirements documentation), agreements, EEFs, OPAs
• Tool+Techniques: Expert judgement, data gathering (questionnaire+surveys, brainstorming), data analysis (stakeholder and document analysis), stakeholder mapping/representation, meetings
• Outputs: stakeholder reg, CRs, PMplan updates (reqs, comm, risk and stakeholder engagement plan), project docs updates (assump and issue log, risk register)

Question 2

Process “Plan Stakeholder Engagement”

Answer 2

• Goal: develop approaches to involve project stakeholders based on their needs, expectations, interest, and potential impact
• Inputs: project charter, PMplan (resource, comm and risk mgmt plan), project docs (assump, change and issue log; project schedule; risk and stakeholder reg), agreements, EEFs, OPAs
• Tool+Techniques: expert judgement, benchmarking, assump and constraint analysis, root-cause-analysis, priorization/ranking, mind mapping, stakeholder engagement assessment matrix, meetings
• Outputs: stakeholder engagement plan

Question 3

Process “Manage Stakeholder Engagement”

Answer 3

• Goal: communicate and work with stakeholders to meet their needs and expectations, address issues, and foster appropriate stakeholder involvement
• Inputs: PMplan (comm, risk and stakeholder engagement plan), project docs (change and issue log, lessons learned and stakeholder reg), EEFs, OPAs
• Tool+Techniques: expert judgement, feedback, interpersonal and team skills (conflict mgmt, cultural and political awareness, negotiation, observation/conversation), ground rules, meetings
• Outputs: CRs, PMplan updates (comm and stakeholder engagement plan), project documents updates (change and issue log, lessons learned and stakeholder reg)

Question 4

Process “Monitor Stakeholder Engagement”

Answer 4

• Goal: monitor project stakeholder relationships and tailor strategies for engaging stakeholders through modification of engagement strategies and plans
• Inputs: PMplan (comm, resource and stakeholder engagement plan), project docs (issue log; lessons learned, risk and stakeholder reg; project communication), work performance data, EEFs, OPAs
• Tool+Techniques: Data analysis (alt., root-cause and stakeholder analysis); decision making (voting, multicriteria decision analysis), stakeholder engagement assessment matrix, communication skills (feedback, presentations), interpersonal and team skills (active listening, cultural and political awareness, leadership, networking), meetings
• Outputs: work performance info, CRs, PMplan updates (comm, resource and stakeholder engagement plan), project docs updates (issue log; lessons learned, risk and stakeholder reg)

Question 5

Stakeholder Mapping/Representation

Answer 5

• data representation technique to categorize stakeholders which is only used in ‘Identify stakeholders’
• common methods:
  1) power/interest grid, power/influence grid, or impact/influence grid
  2) stakeholder cube
  3) salience model: classifies stakeholders according to their power, urgency and legitimacy/proximity and is useful for large complex communities of stakeholders
  4) directions of influence: upwards (senior mgmt, sponsor, customer org), downward (project team, specialists), outward (suppliers, end users, government) and sideward (middle mgmt, other project mgrs)

Question 6

Stakeholder engagement assessment matrix

Answer 6

• data representation tool that supports comparison between current and desired engagement levels of stakeholders
• possible classification categories: unaware, resistant, neutral, supportive and leading
• closing of gaps between current and desired is essential element of monitoring stakeholder engagement
• used in ‘Plan Stakeholder Engagement’ and ‘Monitor Stakeholder Engagement’

Question 7

types of stakes

Answer 7

• interest: affected by a decision or the outcome of the project
• legal rights: e.g. occupational health and safety
• moral rights: involve concepts of protection of hstorical sites or environmental sustainability
• ownership: legal title to an asset or a property
• knowledge
• contribution: provisions or funds or other resources like HC, even in intangible ways like advocacy

Question 8

Stakeholder register

Answer 8

• main output of “identify stakeholder” process
• contains identification info (name, role, contacts, etc), assessment info (requirements, expectations, potential for influencing project outcomes), stakeholder classification (internal/external, impact/influence/power/interest, upward/downwards/…, or other classification models)

Question 9

stakeholder engagement plan

Answer 9

• only output of process “Plan stakeholder engagement”
• defines strategies and actions required to promote productive involvement of stakeholder in decision making and execution