Stair Ascending/Descending

Question 1

For ascending stairs, what are the phases?

Answer 1

Loading Response
Mid-Stance Elevation
Pre-Swing
Early Swing
Late Swing

Question 2

This is when the Reference Limb initially contacts the step to contralateral toe off

Answer 2

Loading Response

Question 3

Contralateral Toe-Off to Contralateral Contact

Answer 3

Mid-Stance Elevation

Question 4

Contralateral Initial Contact to Reference Limb Toe Off

Answer 4

Pre-Swing

Question 5

Toe off to point where reference limb crosses Contralateral limb

Answer 5

Early Swing

Question 6

From crossing of contralateral limb to contact with reference limb

Answer 6

Late Swing

Question 7

What are the objectives associated with Loading Response for ascending stairs

Answer 7

Forward Progression

Weight Bearing Stability

Question 8

What are the critical events associated with Loading Response for ascending stairs?

Answer 8

FP: Flat foot contact
FP: Restrained Ankle Dorsiflexion
FP: Forward Trunk Lean
WBS: Hip and knee Extension
WBS: Level Pelvis

Question 9

What are the muscle actions associated with Loading Response for ascending stairs?

Answer 9

Hip Sagittal: Concentric Hip Extensors
Hip Frontal: Isometric Hip Abductors
Knee: Concentric Quadriceps
Ankle: Eccentric Plantarflexors

Question 10

What are the objectives of Mid-Stance Elevation?

Answer 10

1. Weight bearing Stability
2. Elevation of Body COM
3. Progression of COM over and beyond BOS

Question 11

What are the critical events associated with Mid-stance Elevation?

Answer 11

Level Pelvis
Hip Extension
Knee Extension
Ankle DF

Question 12

What are the muscle actions associated with Mid-Stance Elevation?

Answer 12

Hip Frontal: Isometric Hip Abductors
Hip Sagittal: Concentric Hip Extensors
Knee: Concentric Quadriceps
Ankle: Concentric Plantarflexors

Question 13

What are the objectives for Pre-Swing for ascending stairs?

Answer 13

1. Initiate limb Advancement

2. Elevation of COM

Question 14

What are the critical events associated with Pre-Swing for ascending stairs?

Answer 14

1. Begin Hip and Knee Flexion

2. Ankle DF to PF with Heel Rise

Question 15

What are the muscle activations associated with Pre-Swing for ascending stairs?

Answer 15

Hip Sagittal: Concentric Flexion
Knee: Concentric Knee Flexion
Ankle: Concentric Ankle Plantarflexors

Question 16

What are the objectives for Early Swing for ascending stairs?

Answer 16

1. Limb Advancement

2. Foot Clearance

Question 17

What are the critical events associated with Early Swing for ascending stairs?

Answer 17

Hip flexion
Knee Flexion
Ankle dorsiflexion

Question 18

What muscle activations are associated with Early Swing for ascending stairs?

Answer 18

Concentric Hip Flexors
Concentric Knee Flexors
Concentric Ankle Dorsiflexors

Question 19

What are the objectives of Late Swing for ascending stairs?

Answer 19

Complete Limb Advancement
Foot Clearance
Prepare limb for Stance

Question 20

What are the critical events associated with Late Swing for ascending stairs?

Answer 20

Hip Flexion
Knee Flexion
Ankle DF

Question 21

What muscle activations are occurring during late swing for ascending stairs?

Answer 21

Concentric Hip Flexion
Concentric Knee Extension
Isometric Ankle Dorsiflexion

Question 22

What are the phases for Descending stairs?

Answer 22

Loading Response
Mid Stance Lowering
Pre-Swing
Early Swing
Late Swing

Question 23

Reference Limb initial contact to Contralateral toe off

Answer 23

Loading Response

Question 24

Contralateral Toe-Off to Contralateral contact

Answer 24

Mid Stance Lowering

Question 25

Contralateral Initial contact to Reference Limb Toe Off

Answer 25

Pre-Swing

Question 26

Reference Limb toe off to point where reference limb crosses contralateral limb

Answer 26

Early Swing

Question 27

From crossing of contralateral limb to contact of reference limb.

Answer 27

Late Swing

Question 28

What is the objective of loading response for descending stairs?

Answer 28

Weight Bearing Stability Shock Absorption Modulated Forward Progression

Question 29

What are the critical events associated with loading response for descending stairs?

Answer 29

``` Level Pelvis Sustained Hip Flexion Restrained Knee flexion Restrained ankle DF Backward Trunk Lean ```

Question 30

What are the muscle activations associated with loading response for descending stairs?

Answer 30

Isometric Hip Extensors Isometric Hip Abductors Eccentric Knee Quadriceps Eccentric Ankle Plantarflexors

Question 31

What are the objectives associated with Mid Stance Lowering?

Answer 31

1. Weight Bearing Stability 2. Lowering Body COM 3. Progression of COM over and beyond BOS

Question 32

What are the critical events associated with Mid Stance Lower?

Answer 32

Level Pelvis Hip Flexion Restrained Knee Flexion Restrained Ankle DF

Question 33

What are the muscle activations associated with mid stance lowering?

Answer 33

Isometric Hip Extensors Isometric Hip abductors Eccentric Knee Extensors (quadriceps) Eccentric Ankle Plantarflexors

Question 34

What are the objectives associated with Pre-Swing for descending stairs?

Answer 34

Initiate Limb Advancement | Preserve Balance and Stability

Question 35

What are the critical events associated with Pre-Swing for descending stairs?

Answer 35

Hip flexion Knee Flexion Ankle Plantar Flexion

Question 36

What are the muscle activations for Pre-Swing for descending stairs?

Answer 36

Hip: No activity Eccentric Knee Extensors Ankle: Elastic Recoil arising from residual tension in the plantar flexors leads to brisk PF

Question 37

What are the objectives associated with Early Swing for descending stairs?

Answer 37

1. Limb Advancement | 2. Foot Clearance

Question 38

What are the critical events associated with Early Swing for descending stairs?

Answer 38

Hip flexion Knee Flexion Ankle DF (From PF to Neutral)

Question 39

What are the muscle activations for Early Swing for descending stairs?

Answer 39

Concentric Hip Flexors Concentric Knee Flexors Concentric Ankle DF

Question 40

What are the objectives associated with late swing for descending stairs?

Answer 40

Lengthening of limb to contact next step (preparing limb for stance)

Question 41

What are the critical events associated with late swing for descending stairs?

Answer 41

Hip Extension Knee Extension ankle Plantarflexion

Question 42

What are the muscle activations associated with late swing for descending stairs?

Answer 42

Concentric Hip Extensors Concentric Knee Extensors Concentric Ankle Plantarflexors