stains Flashcards
Giemsa Stain
Rickettsia Chlamydia Trypanosomes Plasmodium Borrelia helicobacter pylori
Periodic Acid-Schiff stain
Stains glycogen
mucopolysaccharides: used to diagnose Whipple disease
Zihel-Neesen Stain (carbol Fuchsin)
Acid fact bacteria
Mycobacteria
nocardia: stains mycelia acid in cell wall
protozoa ( cryptosporidum oocytes )
auramine rhodamine stain is more often used for screening ( more sensitive)
India ink stain
Cryptococcus neoformans
Mucicarmine can also be used to stain thick polysaccharide capsule red
Silver stain
Fungi
coccidioides, pneumocystis jirovecii, legionella, helicobacter pylori
Fluorescent antibody stain
used to identify many bacteria, viruses, pneumocystiti jirovecii, giardiasis, and cryptosporidium
ie: FTA-abs for syphills
Gram stain
think peptidoglycan layer retain crystal violet die
thin-turn red or pink
Bordet-Gengou agar or Regan-Lowe medium.
B. pertussis -Pertussis toxin
gram - aerobic coccobacillus ,
inhibits phagocyte activity and causes lymphocytosis
Tracheal toxin destroys cillated epitheal cells
Overactivates adenylate cyclase (cAMP)by disabling Gi, impairing phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe
Whooping cough—child coughs on expiration and “whoops” on inspiration (toxin may not actually be a cause of cough; can cause “100-day cough” in adults
Charcoal yeast extract when buffered with increased levels of iron and cysteine
Legionella pneumophila gram negative rod. use silver stain detected by presence of antigen in urine, may show hyponatremia gram stain shows many neutrophils
Chocolate agar with factor V and X
Haemophilus influenzae
gram negative rod.
produces Iga protaease
löffler medium
Corynebacterium diphtheriae- will see metachromatic granules
gram motive rod in angular arrangements
exotoxin encoded by b-prophae.
inhibits EF-2 leading to possible necrosis in phyarx , cardiac, and CNS
+elk test for toxin
