Stains Flashcards
Verhoeff-van Gieson stains
elastic fibers black, collagen red, rest of connective tissue yellow
Masson trichrome stains
collagen fibers blue or green, smooth muscle red
masson trichrome can be used in what condition
stains inclusions red in infantile digital fibromatosis
Movat’s pentachrome stains
elastic fibers black, collagen yellow, smooth muscle and fibrin red
Phosphotungistic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) stains
collagen red, smooth muscle and fibrin blue
lipid stains include
Oil-red-O stains lipids red, sudan black B stains lipids black, Scarlet red stains lipids red-brown
Hemosiderin/iron is stained with
Perls/prussian blue (blue)
Von Kossa stains
calcium (salts) brown black
Alizarin red stains
Calcium (red-orange)
alcian blue pH 0.5 stains
sulfated acid MPS (heparin, chondroitin, and ermatan sulfates) blue
Alcian blue pH 2.5 stains
nonsulfated acid MPS (hyaluronic acid) blue
Colloidal iron stains
Acid MPS (sulfated and nonsulfated) blue
mucicarcmine stains
epithelial mucin pink red
PAS stains
Neutral MPS (basement membrane, fungi, glycogen pink
Calcium stains include
Von Kossa and Alizarin red
Iron stains include
Perls/Prussian Blue
Mucicarcmine stains
epithelial mucin pink-red/ cryptococcus
Toluidine blue stains
Acid MPS red-purple “metachromatic staining” - more commonly used as a mast cell stain
congo red stains
amyloid pink-red with apple green birefringence when polarized
Thioflavin T stains
amyloid (fluorescence microscopy) yellow green
Cresyl violet stains
amyloid red
Amyloid stains include
congo red, thioflavin T, cresyl violet
Melanin stains include
Fontana-Masson (silver stain) and Silver nitrate - both black
Smooth muscle stains include
masson trichrome, movat’s pentachrome (both red) and phosphotungistic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) (blue)
Does Perls/Prussion blue work for talon noir?
not very well – does not stain iron in intact RBCs
T/F: von kossa stains calcium anions rather than calcium itself
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In normal skin, most mucin is what forM?
sulfated acid MPS – stains with alcian blue pH 0.5 or 2.5
In diseases with increased mucin (lupus, GA, folliciular mucinosis), most mucin is which form
hyaluronic acid - stains with alcian blue at pH 2.5 only! HIGH-luronic acid stains with alcian blue at HIGH pH
Mucicarmine is used primarily for which conditions
adenocarcinoma, Paget’s, Cryptococcus, sialomucin. not very good for dermal mucins
Mast cell stains include
Leder, Tryptase, Giemsa, Toluidine blue
Which mast cell stains can be used in degranulated skin after using lido with epi?
Leder and c-KIT (CD117)
how to biopsy mastocytosis
lido without epi
Leder stains
mast cell cytoplasm and granules
Tryptase stains
mast cells (immunostain) - brown or black
Giemsa stains
mast cell granules purple-blue (metachromatic)
toluidine blue stains
mast cell granules (purple - metachromatic)
PAS stains
fungi, neutral MPS (basement membrane) and GLYCOGEN pink
PAS is useful for which tumors
clear cell acanthoma and trichilemmoma as a result of increased glycogen. these become negative if you add diastase (PAS-D)
PAS-D stains
fungi and neutral MPS (basement membrane) - helpful for demonstrating BMZ thickening (lupus, DM) and thickened vessel walls of porphyria
GMS stains
fungi black (stains fungal wall)