Stains

Question 1

When preparing smear preps which blood specimens are collected?

Answer 1

EDTA + Capillary

Question 2

What is the purpose of Eosin Y?

Answer 2

cytoplasm pink

Question 3

What is the purpose of methylene blue?

Answer 3

nucleus + DNA = blue

Question 4

How is smears fixed?

Answer 4

methanol

Question 5

What will an acidic stain dye?

Answer 5

basic tissue

Question 6

What will an alkaline stain dye?

Answer 6

Acidic tissue

Question 7

What is a polychromatic dye?

Answer 7

compound of dyes which exhibit multiple colours.

Question 8

What is polychroming?

Answer 8

forms other dyes spontaneously or by oxidation

Question 9

What are Romanowsky stains sensitive to?

Answer 9

pH

Question 10

What are the basic components of a RWSKY stain?

Answer 10

• Methylene Blue
• Azure
• Eosin compounds

Question 11

What are examples of RWSKY stains?

Answer 11

• Giemsa
• Wrights
• Jenner
• Lillie-Wrights

Question 12

What is metachromasia?

Answer 12

tissue stains diff colour than the dye.

Question 13

What are examples of cellular components which stain purple rather than blue?

Answer 13

• Mast cell granules
• Cartilage
• Mucin
• Amyloid

Question 14

What does methylene blue require to oxidize?

Answer 14

Silver oxide

Question 15

What is the principle of silver oxide?

Answer 15

• oxidize methylene blue into methylene violet (Azure A) methylene blue (Azure B)

Question 16

What is critical about the buffer conditions?

Answer 16

pH

Question 17

What happens if the buffer is greater than 7.0?

Answer 17

Alkaline = Blue

Question 18

What happens if the buffer is less than 7.0?

Answer 18

Acidic = pink

Question 19

What are the purposes of buffer?

Answer 19

• dilute the stain (1:1)
• Rinse slides

Question 20

What might a diluted buffer cause?

Answer 20

weak stain

Question 21

What might an alkaline stain cause?

Answer 21

mask abnormalities

Question 22

What might a acidic stain cause?

Answer 22

unacceptable slide because granules other than Eosinophils stain red.

Question 23

What are corrective actions for an alkaline stain?

Answer 23

1- check pH
2- Shorten stain time
3- prolong buffer

Question 24

What are corrective actions for an acidic stain?

Answer 24

1- lengthen stain time
2- check buffer + stain pH
3- Shorten buffer

Question 25

What might inadequate fixation cause?

Answer 25

• washing off slide
• poor nuclear details
• poor staining of granules
• fix water contaminations
• drying artifacts

Question 26

What is the staining process?

Answer 26

1- Fixation
2- Staining
3- Wash
4- Dry

Question 27

What is stain precipitate?

Answer 27

black / dark granules

Question 28

How do you remove stain precipitates?

Answer 28

• additional staining for 5-10 seconds
• dip in 30% methanol

Question 29

What does LAP stand for?

Answer 29

Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase

Question 30

What does LAP do?

Answer 30

• Non cancerous cells will have dark blue granules
• Myelogenous leukemia = few granules

Question 31

What category of stains for LAP fall under?

Answer 31

cytochemical stains

Question 32

Which part of the LAP stain is responsible for causing the granular reaction?

Answer 32

alkaline phosphatase

Question 33

What is the LAP reading?

Answer 33

enzymatic activity is proportional to staining degree

Question 34

What inhibits LAP?

Answer 34

EDTA

Question 35

What are examples for decreased LAP?

Answer 35

-CML
-Sickle cell anemia

Question 36

What are examples for increased LAP?

Answer 36

-3rd T pregnancy
-Leukemoid reaction

Question 37

What are the leukocytes which LAP read?

Answer 37

• Band / segmented
  neutrophils, myelocytes, metamyelocytes

Question 38

What is the normal LAP range?

Answer 38

30 -100

Question 39

How is the range established?

Answer 39

Every lab will determine its own range

Question 40

How do you determine the LAP score?

Answer 40

count 100 NEUT give each a score