Staging and Treatment Flashcards
What the layers of the bowel: innermost to outer?
Lumen
Mucosa
Muscularis mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Propria
Subserosa
Serosa
What is the T stage of TNM T1?
T = size of tumour
o T1 = submucosal involvement
What is the T stage of TNM 2?
T = size of tumour
o T2 = involvement of muscularis propria
What is the T stage of TNM 3?
T = size of tumour
o T3 = involvement of the subserosa
What is the T stage of TNM T 4?
T = size of tumour
o T4 = spread directly to other tissues/peritoneum
What is the N stage of TNM N 0?
N = lymph node involvement
o N0 = no lymph nodes containing cancer
What is the N stage of TNM 0?
N = lymph node involvement
o N0 = no lymph nodes containing cancer
o N1 = 1-3 lymph nodes
o N2 = cancer cells in 4+ lymph nodes
What is the N stage of TNM N2?
N = lymph node involvement
o N2 = cancer cells in 4+ lymph nodes
What is the M stage of TNM 0-1?
M = metastases
o M0 = no metastasis
o M1 = metastasis
How do you follow up CRC?
CT TAP (Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis) o 1 and 2 yrs
Colonoscopy
o 1 and 5 yrs
CEA
o 6 monthly for 3 yrs
What is an anterior resection?
• Part of the colon or rectum is removed via the anterior abdominal wall
What is an abdomino-perineal resection?
- Pathology is in the lower rectum or anus
- After the pathology is excised there is not enough distal rectum and anus to be anastomosed onto, so the anus is excised completely, and the proximal resection margin is brought out through the anterior abdominal wall to form a permanent end colostomy
What is an ileostomy?
- Connection of the ileum to the abdominal wall
- Often RIF
- Continuous effluent
What is a colostomy?
- Connection of the colon to the abdominal wall
- Often LIF
- Periodic function
What type of resection and anastomosis would caecal, ascending or proximal transverse colon get?
- Right hemicolectomy
- Ileo-colic
