Stages of Play, Play Development

Question 1

True or false:

In a two y/o, play play is more important than creating a product

Answer 1

true

Question 2

True or false:

Developmental changes seen in play reflect the increasing social maturity of the child

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Parten’s stages of social play include (list them and their ages)

Answer 3

1. Unoccupied Behavior: Infancy
2. Solitary Play: Toddlerhood
3. Onlooker Play: Early Preschool
4. Parallel Play: Middle preschool
5. Associative Play: Middle to late preschool
6. Cooperative Play: Late Preschool

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Question 4

From birth to about 1 month, what type of play do you see?

Answer 4

Dominant activity is the simple exercise of reflexes, no real play.

Question 5

From about 1 mo of age what are some of the first signs of play?

Answer 5

infant begins repeating sounds or body movements for pleasure

(sensation)

Question 6

From 4-8 months what type of play is seen?

Answer 6

Child repeats activities that have a pleasing effect on the senses or the environment i.e. shaking rattles, banging objects together

Question 7

Beginning at about 8-9 months, what new play characteristics are noted?

Answer 7

intentional goal directed behavior, object permanence developing, repetition of activities

Question 8

What type of play behavior arises at about 1 year of age?

Answer 8

Rather than just repeating the child intentionally varies actions to make them more
exciting.

Symbolism emerges. Sensorimotor play gradually being replaced with symbolic play.

Uses objects appropriately (stacking block rather than banging or mouthing)

Question 9

When does symbolic play (very simple forms) start to emerge

Answer 9

Beginning at about 12 mo and then continuing in higher levels of complexity

Question 10

Four year olds _______ (related to play and exploration)

Answer 10

• Are more self-confident and secure
• Have greater success with fine and gross motor skills
• More aware of gender roles than 3 year olds

Question 11

5 year olds _____

Answer 11

• Begin to show signs of logical thinking (concrete operations per Piaget)
• Better able to distinguish reality from fantasy

Question 12

Representational or Fantasy Play moves through four stages during preschool years:

Answer 12

1. Reality Play: an object is used for its intended purpose
2. Object Fantasy: entirely new identity is attributed to the object
3. Person Fantasy: People qualities are actively represented
4. Announced Fantasy: The theme is announced before acting out

Question 13

Infant play up until 6 months is typically

Answer 13

Exploratory, Sensorimotor, and Social

Question 14

Object permanence with toys and objects develops about what age?

Answer 14

8-9 months

Question 15

Imitating simple movements such as banging two blocks together occurs about what age?

Answer 15

6-8 mo

Question 16

Symbolic and constructive play (using common objects, toys, and play sequences) is common of what age child?

Answer 16

Toddlers

Question 17

Parten’s play levels include what types?

Answer 17

Unoccupied Solitary Onlooker Parallel, Associative and Cooperative

Question 18

Unoccupied play means

Answer 18

Infants (0-3 mo)- relatively still and play appears scattered- looks like babies exploring without organization-

Question 19

Solitary play

Answer 19

Infants/Toddlers/ young children (3 months – 2 ½ years) entertain themselves without social interaction - may not notice other children

Question 20

Onlooker play means

Answer 20

(2 ½ years – 3 ½ years) watch other children playing, but do not join in

Question 21

Parallel play means

Answer 21

(3 ½ years – 4 years) play next to each other, but not interacting ( two children may play with Legos on the carpet

Question 22

What are the differences between Associative and Cooperative play?

Answer 22

Associative (4 – 4 ½ years) - In associative play children begin to be interested in the other children playing. they engage with other children or adults during an activity - in cooperative play (4 ½ years and up)- there is a shared goal in the play

Question 23

What is Pre-Symbolic Play?

Answer 23

Pretend play based on every day, familiar activities. First child performs one pretend action (usually on an adult or a doll)- usually with realistic props, then next sequences two actions (e.g., the doll receives two actions, such as: feeding with a bottle and a spoon) or two people receive one action (e.g., child feeds the doll with a spoon and then her mommy

Question 24

Symbolic Play (development)

Answer 24

Becomes quite advanced by 4 yo

Question 25

Symbolic Play is …..

Answer 25

Pretend based on familiar activities but begins to interact with the toy (e.g., talks to it). emotions start to be included, there is some verbal planning /sequencing of several actions with a theme (making breakfast)

Question 26

Pretending by 3- 3.5 yrs

Answer 26

based on less familiar events - perhaps those a child has seen or heard but not experienced. Child gives toys a voice. Talks about play, short sequences of pretend -no longer needs realistic props- can use a banana as a phone or a stick as a wand

Question 27

Pretending by 4

Answer 27

Starting to role play and use language to “set up” the scene or game

Question 28

Pretending by 5

Answer 28

Take on multiple roles, uses language with non-verbal communication in highly imaginative scenes

Question 29

Exploratory and sensorimotor play

Answer 29

0-24 mo

Question 30

Early pretend (12-18 mo)

Answer 30

Pretend on self- (pretend sleeping, pretend to drink from toy cup)

Question 31

Functional play stage (an object is manipulated and used appropriately (rolling a toy car, or dialing a play phone with a dial)

Answer 31

9-24 mo (15-21 predominates)

Question 32

Constructive play stage

Answer 32

begins 24 but predominates from 36mo

Question 33

Rough and tumble play

Answer 33

predominates 5-6 years

Question 34

Games with rules

Answer 34

predominates 7- 11 years according to Piaget, but can start simple board games with rules in pre- k and this can extend into adulthood