Stages of Play, Play Development Flashcards
True or false:
In a two y/o, play play is more important than creating a product
true
True or false:
Developmental changes seen in play reflect the increasing social maturity of the child
True
Parten’s stages of social play include (list them and their ages)
- Unoccupied Behavior: Infancy
- Solitary Play: Toddlerhood
- Onlooker Play: Early Preschool
- Parallel Play: Middle preschool
- Associative Play: Middle to late preschool
- Cooperative Play: Late Preschool
From birth to about 1 month, what type of play do you see?
Dominant activity is the simple exercise of reflexes, no real play.
From about 1 mo of age what are some of the first signs of play?
infant begins repeating sounds or body movements for pleasure
(sensation)
From 4-8 months what type of play is seen?
Child repeats activities that have a pleasing effect on the senses or the environment i.e. shaking rattles, banging objects together
Beginning at about 8-9 months, what new play characteristics are noted?
intentional goal directed behavior, object permanence developing, repetition of activities
What type of play behavior arises at about 1 year of age?
Rather than just repeating the child intentionally varies actions to make them more
exciting.
Symbolism emerges. Sensorimotor play gradually being replaced with symbolic play.
Uses objects appropriately (stacking block rather than banging or mouthing)
When does symbolic play (very simple forms) start to emerge
Beginning at about 12 mo and then continuing in higher levels of complexity
Four year olds _______ (related to play and exploration)
- Are more self-confident and secure
- Have greater success with fine and gross motor skills
- More aware of gender roles than 3 year olds
5 year olds _____
- Begin to show signs of logical thinking (concrete operations per Piaget)
- Better able to distinguish reality from fantasy
Representational or Fantasy Play moves through four stages during preschool years:
- Reality Play: an object is used for its intended purpose
- Object Fantasy: entirely new identity is attributed to the object
- Person Fantasy: People qualities are actively represented
- Announced Fantasy: The theme is announced before acting out
Infant play up until 6 months is typically
Exploratory, Sensorimotor, and Social
Object permanence with toys and objects develops about what age?
8-9 months
Imitating simple movements such as banging two blocks together occurs about what age?
6-8 mo
Symbolic and constructive play (using common objects, toys, and play sequences) is common of what age child?
Toddlers
Parten’s play levels include what types?
Unoccupied Solitary Onlooker Parallel, Associative and Cooperative
Unoccupied play means
Infants (0-3 mo)- relatively still and play appears scattered- looks like babies exploring without organization-
Solitary play
Infants/Toddlers/ young children (3 months – 2 ½ years) entertain themselves without social interaction - may not notice other children
Onlooker play means
(2 ½ years – 3 ½ years) watch other children playing, but do not join in
Parallel play means
(3 ½ years – 4 years) play next to each other, but not interacting ( two children may play with Legos on the carpet
What are the differences between Associative and Cooperative play?
Associative (4 – 4 ½ years) - In associative play children begin to be interested in the other children playing. they engage with other children or adults during an activity - in cooperative play (4 ½ years and up)- there is a shared goal in the play
What is Pre-Symbolic Play?
Pretend play based on every day, familiar activities. First child performs one pretend action (usually on an adult or a doll)- usually with realistic props, then next sequences two actions (e.g., the doll receives two actions, such as: feeding with a bottle and a spoon) or two people receive one action (e.g., child feeds the doll with a spoon and then her mommy
Symbolic Play (development)
Becomes quite advanced by 4 yo
Symbolic Play is …..
Pretend based on familiar activities but begins to interact with the toy (e.g., talks to it). emotions start to be included, there is some verbal planning /sequencing of several actions with a theme (making breakfast)
Pretending by 3- 3.5 yrs
based on less familiar events - perhaps those a child has seen or heard but not experienced. Child gives toys a voice. Talks about play, short sequences of pretend -no longer needs realistic props- can use a banana as a phone or a stick as a wand
Pretending by 4
Starting to role play and use language to “set up” the scene or game
Pretending by 5
Take on multiple roles, uses language with non-verbal communication in highly imaginative scenes
Exploratory and sensorimotor play
0-24 mo
Early pretend (12-18 mo)
Pretend on self- (pretend sleeping, pretend to drink from toy cup)
Functional play stage (an object is manipulated and used appropriately (rolling a toy car, or dialing a play phone with a dial)
9-24 mo (15-21 predominates)
Constructive play stage
begins 24 but predominates from 36mo
Rough and tumble play
predominates 5-6 years
Games with rules
predominates 7- 11 years according to Piaget, but can start simple board games with rules in pre- k and this can extend into adulthood
