Stages of Infection

Question 1

Phases of infection

Answer 1

Incubation period
prodromal stage
Full (acute) stage of illness
convalescent period

Question 2

Incubation period

Answer 2

pathogen’s invasion of the body and the appearance of symptoms of infection.

Question 3

Prodromal stage

Answer 3

Early signs and symptoms of disease are present, but these are often vague and nonspecific, ranging from fatigue and malaise to a low-grade fever.

Question 4

Full stage of illness

Answer 4

presence of infection-specific signs and symptoms indicates the full stage of illness.

Question 5

convalescent period

Answer 5

recovery from the infection

Question 6

Factors affecting the risk for infection

Answer 6

• Integrity of skin
• pH levels of the GI and GU tract
• integrity and number of the white blood cell
• age, sex, race
• immunizations
• stress level
• invasive or indwelling medical devices.

Question 7

What is the normal range for white blood cell count

Answer 7

5,000-10,000/mm3

Question 8

What is asepsis

Answer 8

absence of disease producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection

Question 9

what is medical Asepsis (Clean Technique)

Answer 9

practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens

Question 10

what is surgical asepsis (sterile technique)

Answer 10

practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms

Question 11

What is the most effective way to help prevent the spread of infectious agents

Answer 11

Hand hygiene

Question 12

(WHO) Five moments for hand hygiene

Answer 12

Moment 1 - before touching a patient

Moment 2- before a clean or asepsis procedure

Moment 3 - after a body fluid exposure risk

Moment 4- after touching a patient

Moment 5- After touching patient surroundings.

Question 13

True or false

A nurse should carry soiled linens or other used articles/equipment so that they do not touch your clothing

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or False

Nurses should place soiled bed linen or any other items on the floor

Answer 14

False

Do not place soiled bed linen or any other items on the floor

Question 15

True or False

Nurse should clean the least soiled areas first and then the more soiled ones

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False

Nurse should shake linens before use.

Answer 16

False

avoid raising dust. Do not shake linens.

Question 17

True or False

If hands are not visibly soiled, alcohol-based handrubs are recommended

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Types of Bacterial Flora

Answer 18

Transient

resident

Question 19

Transient flora

Answer 19

• Occur on hands with activities of daily living
• Relatively few in number on clean and exposed areas of the skin
• Attached loosely on skin usually in grease, fats, and dirt
• Found in greatest number under the fingernails

Question 20

Resident flora

Answer 20

• Normally found in skin creases
• Usually stable in number and type
• Cling tenaciously to skin by adhesion and absorption

*** needs friction with brush to remove

Question 21

True or False

Use of alcohol-based handrubs when Clostridium difficile organisms have been identified is recommended.

Answer 21

FALSE

alcohol-based handrubs does NOT work with C. diff
must use soap and water

Question 22

HAIs

Answer 22

health care associated infections

Question 23

nosocomial

Answer 23

something originating or taking place in the hospital (infection)

Question 24

4 categories that are responsible for HAIs

Answer 24

CAUTI - catheter associated urinary tract infection
SSI - surgical site infection
CLABSI - central line associated bloodstream infection
VAP- ventilator associated pneumonia

Question 25

Prevention of infection

Bundle approach

Answer 25

1- prevention of inappropriate short-term catheters
2- timely removal of catheters that is nurse-driven
3- catheters care during placement

Question 26

Cardinal signs of infection

Answer 26

redness
heat
swelling
pain
loss of function