stages of attatchment

Question 1

Who investigated the formation of early attatchments

Answer 1

Schaffer and Emerson

Question 2

What particularly did Schaffer and Emerson investigate

Answer 2

-The age that attatchments developed
-The eotional intensity
-To whom they were directed

Question 3

Schaffer and Emersons procedure

Answer 3

-a longitudinal study where 60 babies from working class glasgean families were observed every month for the first year and then again at 18 months

Question 4

What were the two meaures of attatchment that S hafer and Emerson studied

Answer 4

-Seperation anxiety = being left alone, or with a cot / pram

-Stranger anxiety = researcher approaching child until a point of anxiet was noticed

Question 5

Strengths of longitudinal studies

Answer 5

-More valid results as they develop over time
-Reduce the effect of confounding variables

Question 6

weakness of longitudinal studies

Answer 6

-attrition rate = many drop out making the study less representative
-reseracher becomes involved = researcher bias

Question 7

Schaffer and Emersons coclusions

Answer 7

-responsivness seemed to be the key to attatchment
-intense attatchment = fast responce
-weak attatchment = failure to interact

Question 8

What are Schaffer and Emersons four stages of attatchment

Answer 8

-Asocial
-Indiscriminate
-Specific
-Multiple

Question 9

Asocial stages of attatchent are

Answer 9

-first few weeks
-babies recognise and form bond with carer
-non-human and huuman objects are quite imular but babies still preference humans

Question 10

Indiscriminate stages of attatchment are

Answer 10

-2-7 months
-babies display more observable soial behavior
-preference for people and now recognies familiar adults
-accapts cuddles from any adult
-doesn’t show seperation anxiety

Question 11

Specific stages of attatchement are

Answer 11

-Fromm 7 months
-baby shows anxiety towards strangers
-seperation anxiety when away frm specific attatchmennt (primary attatchment figure who responds to signals the most)

Question 12

Multiple stages of attatchment

Answer 12

-8+ months
-babies start to show attatchemt to more than one adult (secondary attatchments)
-These form quickly after specific attatchment especialy after the age of 1

Question 13

Real world application

Answer 13

-In educative daycare, knowing the stages of attachment helps manage children when they’re away from their primary attachment

Question 14

Culture bias

Answer 14

Van izjendoorn and kroonenberg found that multiple attachments were the cultural norm in some societies like Uganda

Question 15

Methodological issues

Answer 15

-Difficulty studying the asocial stage due to young babies lack of mobility and control
-Contradicting Meltzoff and Moore suggests that infants have a preference for their mother’s voice at 3 days old