Cultural Variations In Attatchemt Types Flashcards
What is individualism
UK and USA set an emphasis on the needs of the individual
This means that independance in infants is an admirable trait
What is collectivism
China is a collectivist culture which places an emphasis on the need of the group
This means that interdependance is desirable
Who studied cultural variations between cultures
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg procedure
A meta analysis of 8 countries with 32 studies.
They used Ainsworths strange situation in order to measure attatchment in 1990 babies
What were the 8 countries
UK, Sweden, Japan, Netherlands, USA, Israel, Germany, China
What country has the most secure attatchment type
UK 75%
Why did ….. have the most secure attatchments
Because in the ….. carers have appropriate emotional reactions and close emotional bonds withinfants
What country has the most insecure resistant attatchment type
Israel 29%
Why did …. have the most insecure resistant attatchments
Becasue its a collectivist culture
What country has the most insecure avoidant attatchment type
Germany 35%
Why did ….. have the most insecure avoidant attatchments
Because its an individualist culture
Who studied attatchment variations within culture
Takahashi
Takahashi’s procedure
60 middle class babies from Japan were assessed using the strange situation
Takahashi findings
The largest % of babies were actually insecure resistant attatched with 90% of the studies havingto be stopped due to excessive infant anxiety
Takahashi conclusions
The high levels of insecure resistance is because Japan is very family oriented so infants are allways kept close with mothers. This was probably measuringthe babies shock more than seperation
