stages of attachment Flashcards
who conducted the study from stages of attachment
schaffer and emerson
what was schaffer and emersons study for
to investigate foundation of early attachment + what age they were developed and whom directed at
what was the method used to conduct schaffer and emersons stages of attachment study
- 60 babies (31 male +29 female)
- glasgow + majority working class
- babies and mothers visited monthly and asked Qs measuring separation and stranger anxiety
how many babies did schaffer and emerson use in their study
60 babies
where did schaffer and emerson undertake their study
glasgow
what types of anxiety did schaffer and emerson look for in infants (2 types)
- seperation
- stranger
findings of schaffer and emerson attachment study
- 25-32 weeks = 50% showed separation anxiety
- attachment tended to be to caregiver whos most interactive and sensitive to signals
- by 40 wks - 80% babies had specific attachment (30% multiple attachments)
what are the stages of attachment
- asocial
- indiscriminate
- specific
- multiple
acronym for stages of attachment
- all
- indians
- successfully
- marry
outline asocial attachment
- 0 -2 months
- baby recognising and forming bonds
- behaviour towards human and non human is similar
- babies happy in presence of most humans (being passed along group of people)
outline indiscriminate attachment
- 2-7 months
- display more observable social behaviour
- preference for humans over non humans
- recognise familiar adults
- attachment is not different to any one person
outline specific attachment
- 7 months
- display stranger and separation anxiety from primary attachment figure
- form specific attachments to people
outline multiple attachments
- 10 moths onward
- extend their single attachment to others
- secondary attachment figure
asocial age range
0-2 months
indiscriminate age range
2-7 months
specific age range
7-10 months
multiple age range
10 months +
evaluation points for schaffer and emersons study
- good external validity
- limited sample characteristics
expand on good external validity being eval point for schaffer and emersons study
- study carried out in own homes and mostly observed by parents
- behaviour of babies was likely unaffected by presence of observers
- participants behaved naturally - good external validity
expand on limited sample characterstics being eval point for schaffer and emersons study
- sample size of babies was good considering data collected
- however - families involved were from same class and 50 years ago
- child rearing practices may vary from cultures
- results dont generalise to other social contexts
evaluation points for stages of attachment
- problem studying asocial stage
- measuring multiple attachments
expand on there being problems studying asocial stage as eval point for schaffers stages of attachment
- babies in this stage are too young and have poor corodination
- difficult to make judgement based of observations
- isnt much observable behaviour in babies
- evidence cannot be relied on
expand on measuring multiple attachments being eval point fo schaffers stages of attachment
- problem distinguishing what infants behaviour is showing
- bowlby pointed out children have playmates and attachment figures were they may become distressed when playmate leaves - doesnt signify attachment
- when individual leaves room and baby gets distressed it doesnt always mean theres true attachment
- problem for schaffers stages as observation doesnt distinguish behaviour between attachments figures and playmates
